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The type of study | Target organ | Animals used | The dose applied | Type of action | Reported outcomes | Reference |
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Renal I/R model | Kidney | Albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg, i.p. | Inhibits neutrophil sequestration | Attenuation in renal damage after I/R | [6] |
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Renal I/R model | Kidney | Albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg, i.p. | Alters the indices of oxidative stress | Partially alleviates renal damage after I/R | [5] |
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Renal I/R model | Kidney | Albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg, i.p. | Suppressed I/R-induced renal lipid peroxidation | Therapeutic advantage in acute injury setting | [19] |
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Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity | Kidney | Female albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. | Free oxygen radical scavenging activity | Marked reduction in the extent of tubular damage | [7] |
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Paraquat-induced acute nephrotoxicity | Kidney | Female albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg, i.p. | Attenuates the oxidative stress caused by paraquat | Protects acute nephrotoxicity induced by paraquat | [74] |
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Acute urogenital injury following pneumoperitoneum | Kidney, testis, prostate | Albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg, i.p. | Affects TAC and TOS levels | Prevents adverse effects of intra-abdominal pressure on kidney and testis | [108] |
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Toluene-induced nephrotoxicity | Kidney | Male albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. | By showing antioxidant, antitoxic, and nephroprotective effect | Prevents renal damage | [109] |
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Cadmium-induced kidney mitochondrial injury | Kidney | Male Wistar rats | 10 M final conc. to the isolated mitochondria | Antioxidant potential | Has therapeutic benefits in the setting of nephrotoxicity caused by cadmium | [63] |
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Acetylsalicylic acid toxicity | Kidney | Albino Wistar rats | 20 g/kg/day, p.o. | Reduces the concentration of oxidant products and supports the antioxidant system | Protects kidneys from ASA-induced nephrotoxicity | [68] |
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Aging-related oxidative damage | Kidney | Sprague Dawley rats | 15 mg/bw/day, i.p. | Antioxidant and high cellular protective effects | Beneficial in delaying age-related cellular changes | [82] |
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Renal I/R | Kidney | Male Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg, i.p. | Antioxidant effect | Promotes greater functional and anatomic renal injury | [28] |
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Cd-induced renal damage | Kidney | Adult Cumming mice | 0.1 and 1 mol/kg/day, i.p. | Reduces the levels of oxidative stress and altering the antioxidant defense system | Protects the oxidative renal damage induced by Cd in a dose-dependent manner | [64] |
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Methotrexate-induced hepatorenal oxidative injury | Kidney | Both sexes albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 5 days | Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects | Capable of reducing methotrexate-induced hepatorenal oxidative injury | [43] |
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Gentamycin-induced oxidative nephrotoxicity | Kidney | Female albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 12 days | Modulator effect on oxidative stress and antioxidant redox system | Nephrotoxicity may be significantly reduced | [47] |
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Renal dysfunction by cyclosporine A | Kidney | Male Wistar rats | 10 and 30 mol/kg, i.p. for 10 days | Inhibits renal lipid peroxidation and enhances and maintaining the antioxidant GSH content | Protects against cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity | [33] |
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Cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity | Kidney | Female albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 11 days | Inhibits lipid peroxidation via inhibition of oxidative process | Protects kidney from cyclosporine A-induced damage | [34] |
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Vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity | Kidney | Male albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 7 days | Decreases lipid peroxidation and increases antioxidant enzyme activity | Reduction of the nephrotoxic effects of vancomycin | [54] |
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Methotrexate-induced renal oxidative stress | Kidney | Albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 7 days | Shows a potent scavenging effect of free radicals | Reduces renal impairment | [44] |
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Lithium-induced renal toxicity | Kidney | Male albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 4 weeks | Significant increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decrease in lipid peroxidation | Reduces Li-induced oxidative stress mediated renal tubular damage | [44] |
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Long-term mobile phone exposure/renal impairment | Kidney | Male Sprague-Dawley rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 3 months | Free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties | Protects renal tissue from oxidative damage and prevents organ impairment | [90] |
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Amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity | Kidney | Female Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 2 days | Decreases MDA levels showing lipid peroxidation-preventive effects | Protects kidney tissue against oxidative damage | [58] |
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Shock wave-induced renal tubular oxidative stress | Kidney | White rabbits | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for 10 days | Reduces significantly MDA levels, urine NAG activity, uric acid and white cell count in renal tissue | Avoiding the side effects of ESWL applications | [93] |
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Carbon tetrachloride-induced renal toxicity | Kidney | Male albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg, i.p. for every other day for one month | Reduces MDA levels by antioxidant properties | Protective effect on CCl4-induced kidney damage | [71] |
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Oxidative organ damage due to thermal trauma | Kidney | Male albino Wistar rats | 10 mol/kg/day, i.p. for max. 7 days | Scavenges free oxygen radicals, decreases MPO activity in neutrophils, increases antioxidant enzyme | A potential beneficial agent in humans who suffer from thermal injury | [84] |
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Doxorubicin-induced nephrotoxicity | Kidney | Male Sprague-Dawley rats | 10 mol/kg/body weight/day, i.p. for 12 days | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects | Protects renal tissues against DXR-induced toxicity | [8] |
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