Effect of Probiotics Supplementation on Bone Mineral Content and Bone Mass Density

Table 2

Possible mechanisms of probiotics on bone.

Possible mechanisms
Produce SCFA→↑PH→↑mineral absorption via their solubilisation→↓bone loss
Produce phytase enzyme→release minerals depressed by phytate→↑availability of minerals→↓bone loss
Hydrolysis glycoside bonds of estrogenic food→↑availability of minerals
Produce IPP and VPP→↓formation Ang II from Ang I→↓bone resorption
Produce antioxidant status→↓osteoclast differentiation→↓bone loss
Reduces intestinal inflammation→↓proinflammatory cytokine levels→↓epithelial cell inflammation→↑calcium uptake→↑bone volume fraction

SCFA: short chain fatty acid.
IPP: isoleucyl-prolyl-proline.
VPP: valyl-prolyl-proline.
ANG II: Angiotensin II.
ANG I: Angiotensin II.