A Review on Strengthening Steel Beams Using FRP under Fatigue

Table 1

Strengthening techniques.

Specimens; reference	Material-dimensions and properties	Figures
S127x4.5 steel beams reinforced with CFRP sheet [14].	Steel beam: 1.22 m long,  MPa, 330.9 MPa,  GPa,; CFRP: 300 mm × 76 mm × 1.27 mm,  GPa,  MPa; Epoxy: 1 : 1 mixer of resin (bisphenol A based) and hardener (polyethylene polyamine).
127x76UB13 steel beams strengthened using CFRP plate [55].	Steel beam: 1200 mm long,  GPa,  MPa,; FRP: 3 mm thick and 400 mm long; Epoxy (Sikadur 31 Normal):  GPa,  GPa, = 29.7 MPa and 0.3 mm thick
W150x18 steel beams repaired with CFRP strips [37].	Steel beam: span length = 1830 mm,  GPa, = 393 MPa; CFRP: 50 × 1.4 mm,  GPa, = 2.8 GPa,; Epoxy:  GPa, = 25 MPa, 1 mm thick
Grade 400 150UB14 notched steel beams retrofitted with welding, CFRP composites [40].	Steel beam: L1400 × W75 × H150 mm,  GPa,  MPa, = 541.3 MPa; CFRP: (1) Sika CarboDur M1214 pultruded plates-1.4 mm thick,  GPa, Ft = 2.4 GPa,; (2) SikaWrap Hex-230C woven sheets-0.13 mm for each ply,  GPa, = 3.45 GPa,; Epoxy: (1) Sikadur-330; (2) AralditeR 420
S355J0 steel beams bonded with 20% prestressed CFRP plates [63].	Steel beam: 1100 × 120 × 65 mm,  GPa,  MPa; CFRP: 910 × 50 × 1.2 mm (S512),  GPa = 3.10 GPa,; Prestressing level 20% of the ultimate CFRP strength = 632 MPa.; Araldite 2015 adhesive:  GPa,
S355J0 (ST 52-3) steel I-beams strengthened using 30% (a) prestressed unbounded and (b) bonded CFRP plates [64].	Steel beam: 1100 × 120 × 65 mm,  GPa, = 355 MPa; CFRP: 910 × 50 × 1.2 mm (S512),  GPa, = 3.10 GPa,; Prestressing level 30% of the ultimate CFRP strength.; Araldite 2015 adhesive:  GPa,	(a) PUR system
		(b) PBR system