| (a) |
| | Autonomy | Management style | Having ownership | Awareness of emerging technologies |
| | Management style | (1, 1, 1) | (1/2, 1, 3/2) | (2/7, 1/3, 2/5) | | Having ownership | (2/3, 1, 2) | (1, 1, 1) | (2/5, 1/2, 2/3) | | Awareness of emerging technologies | (5/2, 3, 7/2) | (3/2, 2, 5/2) | (1, 1, 1) |
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| (b) |
| | Innovativeness | Technological innovation | Product/market innovation |
| | Technological innovation | (1, 1, 1) | (1/2, 1, 3/2) | | Product/market innovation | (2/3, 1, 2) | (1, 1, 1) |
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| (c) |
| | Risk taking | Venturing into the unknown business | Heavy borrowing | Committing large portions |
| | Venturing into the unknown business | (1, 1, 1) | (3/2, 2, 5/2) | (3/2, 2, 5/2) | | Heavy borrowing | (2/5, 1/2, 2/3) | (1, 1, 1) | (2/3, 1, 2) | | Committing large portions | (2/5, 1/2, 2/3) | (1/2, 1, 3/2) | (1, 1, 1) |
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| (d) |
| | Proactiveness | Being knowledgeable | Developing plans | Commitment to exploiting opportunities | Anticipation of the future |
| | Being knowledgeable | (1, 1, 1) | (3/2, 2, 5/2) | (1/2, 1, 3/2) | (1/2, 1, 3/2) | | Developing plans | (2/5, 1/2, 2/3) | (1, 1, 1) | (2/5, 1/2, 2/3) | (2/5, 1/2, 2/3) | | Commitment to exploiting opportunities | (2/3, 1, 2) | (3/2, 2, 5/2) | (1, 1, 1) | (1/2, 1, 3/2) | | Anticipation of future | (2/3, 1, 2) | (3/2, 2, 5/2) | (2/3, 1, 2) | (1, 1, 1) |
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| (e) |
| | Competitiveness aggressiveness | Intensity of a firm’s effort | Adopting unconventional tactics |
| | Intensity of a firm’s effort | (1, 1, 1) | (1/2, 1, 3/2) | | Adopting unconventional tactics | (2/3, 1, 2) | (1, 1, 1) |
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