| | TGase | Nomenclature | Tissue distribution, cellular and subcellular localization | Biological functions | Pathology |
| | TG1 | Keratinocyte TG, particulate TG, TG1, and TGK | Squamous epithelia, keratinocytes, cytosolic, membrane | Barrier function in stratified squamous epithelia, cornified envelope formation in keratinocyte differentiation | Lamellar ichthyosis [119] |
| | TG2 | Liver TG, tissue TG, cytosolic TG, erythrocyte TG, Ghα, and endothelial TG | Ubiquitously distributed in many types of tissue, cell membrane, cytosol, nucleus, extracellular | Apoptosis, cell survival signalling, cell differentiation, matrix stabilization, endocytosis, and so forth | Autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, malignancies, metabolic diseases, and so forth [78] |
| | TG3 | Epidermal TG, callus TG, hair follicle TG, and bovine snout TG | Epidermis, hair follicle, brain, cytosolic | Terminal differentiation of keratinocytes, hair follicles | Human epidermis diseases |
| | TG4 | Prostate TG, TGp, androgen regulated major secretory protein, vesiculase, dorsal prostate protein 1 (DP1), and type 4 TG | Prostate gland, prostatic fluids, and seminal plasma, extracellular | Reproduction and fertility, especially in rodents where it is involved in semen coagulation | Not known |
| | TG5 | TGX, type 5 TG, and TG5 | Ubiquitously expressed but predominant in female reproductive tissues, skeletal muscle, and foetal tissues, foreskin keratinocytes, epithelial barrier lining, cytosolic | Epidermal differentiation | Secondarily involved in hyperkeratotic phenotype in ichthyosis and in psoriasis, overexpressed or absent in different areas of the Darier’s disease lesions [120] |
| | TG6 | TGY, type 6 TG, and TG6, | Testis, lungs, and brain, cellular localization is yet to be defined | Central nervous system development, motor function, and late stage cell envelope formation in the epidermis and the hair follicle | Spinocerebellar ataxias [121, 122]; polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases [123] |
| | TG7 | TGZ, type 7 TG, TG7, and transglutaminase 7 | Ubiquitously expressed, prominent in testis and lungs, cellular and subcellular localization are unknown | | Not known |
| | FXIIIA | Factor XIII A, fibrin stabilizing factor, fibrinoligase, plasma TG, and Laki-Lorand factor | Chondrocytes platelets, placenta, astrocytes, macrophages, synovial fluid, heart, eye, bone, dendritic cells in the dermis | Wound healing, blood clotting, and bone growth | F13A1 deficiency characterized by impaired wound healing, spontaneous abortion in women, subcutaneous and intramuscular haematomas, and severe bleeding tendency |
| | Band 4.2 | Erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2, B4.2, ATP-binding erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2 | Surface of erythrocyte membranes, bone marrow, foetal liver, spleen, membranal | Key component of erythrocyte skeletal network maintains erythrocyte shape and mechanical properties | Spherocytic elliptocytosis |
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