Brain Embolism Secondary to Cardiac Myxoma in Fifteen Chinese Patients

Table 1

Clinical features of patients with cardiac myxoma with brain embolism.

Characteristic	Total	Embolism	No embolism	𝑃
	(𝑛=27)	(𝑛=15)	(𝑛=12)
Female/male	12/15	9/6	6/6	0.863
Age, y (mean ± SD)	57.3±13.5	56.4±13.3	58.4±14.1	0.708
Hypertension, 𝑛 (%)	9 (33.3%)	6 (40%)	3 (25%%)	0.683
Hyperlipidemia, 𝑛 (%)	5 (18.5%)	4 (26.5%)	1 (8.3%)	0.342
Vascular malformation, 𝑛 (%)	2 (7.4%)	2 (13.3%)	0	0.487
Diabetes at baseline, 𝑛 (%)	2 (7.4%)	0	2 (16.7%)	0.188
Coronary artery disease, 𝑛 (%)	3 (11.1%)	2 (13.3%)	1 (8.3%)	1
Atrial fibrillation, 𝑛 (%)	5 (18.5%)	3 (20%)	2 (16.7%)	1
Infection, 𝑛 (%)	8 (29.6%)	7 (46.7%)	1 (8.3%)	0.043
Death, 𝑛 (%)	4 (14.8%)	3 (20%)	1* (8.3%)	0.605
Complement 4, g/L (mean ± SD)	0.32±0.08	0.35±0.09	0.27±0.06	0.036
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L (mean ± SD)	2.72±0.84	3.08±0.71	2.23±0.78	0.017
Creatinine kinase-MB, U/L (mean ± SD)	12.75±9.96	16.64±11.66	8.0±4.39	0.05
Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L (mean ± SD)	247.48±178.38	316.42±208.51	155.56±55.94	0.037
Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, U/L (mean ± SD)	188.85±162.94	246.45±202.77	118.44±39.08	0.078
Platelet count, ×10^9/L (mean ± SD)	270.2±100.9	286.2±119.6	249.9±70.9	0.383
Red blood cell count, ×10^9/L (mean ± SD)	4.35±0.61	4.55±0.51	4.08±0.15	0.054
White blood cell count, ×10^9/L (mean ± SD)	10.3±3.9	11.6±4.4	8.6±2.3	0.049
Echocardiography Features
Myxomas length cm (mean ± SD)	4.31±1.68	4.04±1.21	4.65±2.14	0.233
Attached to atrial septum, 𝑛 (%)	24 (88.9%)	14 (93.3%)	10 (83.3%)	0.569
High echo, 𝑛 (%)	22 (81.5%)	12 (80%)	10 (83.3%)	1
Irregular shape, 𝑛 (%)	23 (85.2%)	15 (100%)	8 (66.7%)	0.028
Peduncle, 𝑛 (%)	21 (77.8%)	11 (73.3%)	10 (83.3%)	0.662
Prolapse into valve, 𝑛 (%)	22 (81.5%)	14 (93.3%)	8 (66.7%)	0.139
Aortosclerosis, 𝑛 (%)	17 (63.0%)	10 (66.7%)	7 (58.3%)	0.371
Aortic valve regurgitation, 𝑛 (%)	10 (37.0%)	5 (33.3%)	5 (41.7%)	0.706
Mitral valve regurgitation, 𝑛 (%)	12 (44.4%)	7 (46.7%)	5 (41.7%)	1
Tricuspid valve regurgitation, 𝑛 (%)	15 (55.6%)	7 (46.7%)	8 (66.7%)	0.441
Lower left ventricular compliance, 𝑛 (%)	10 (37.0%)	7 (46.7%)	3 (25%)	0.424
Heart enlargement, 𝑛 (%)	13 (48.1%)	6 (40%)	7 (58.3%)	0.449

∗One patient with right atrium myxoma and patent foramen ovale died of the complication of surgery.