Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with a Collective Local Unimodal Search for Continuous Optimization Problems

Table 19

Wilcoxon signed rank test on mean fitness obtained by RIW-PSO and 𝑅-PSO_CLUS for the test problems.

Measurement	Scaled problems			Nonscaled problems
	Dim = 10	Dim = 20	Dim = 30
𝑅-PSOCLUS < RIW-PSO	13	11	12	3
𝑅-PSOCLUS > RIW-PSO	0	2	2	0
𝑅-PSOCLUS= RIW-PSO	1	1	0	4
𝑧	−3.190	−2.274	−2.606	−1.604
𝑃 value	0.001	0.023	0.009	0.190
𝑟	0.600	0.430	0.490	—
Median
RIW-PSO	0.847	0.144	0.272	−1.000
𝑅-PSOCLUS	0.000	0.000	0.000	−1.000