Effects of Urbanization Expansion on Landscape Pattern and Region Ecological Risk in Chinese Coastal City: A Case Study of Yantai City

Table 1

Description of landscape pattern metrics.

Index	Equation		Ecological significance
Largest Patch Index (LPI)	LPI=max𝑎𝑖𝑗𝐴(100)	(i)	To indicate ratio of the largest patch area to total landscape area
Fractal Dimension Index (FD)	()FD=2ln𝑙/𝑘ln(𝐴)	(ii)	To reflect the complexity of self-similarity of a patch
Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI)	𝐻=−∑^𝑚𝑖=1𝑝𝑖ln𝑝𝑖	(iii)	To reflect landscape heterogeneity
Shannon’s Evenness Index (SHEI)	𝐸=−∑^𝑚𝑖=1𝑝𝑖ln𝑝𝑖ln𝑚	(iv)	To indicate even degree of different landscape types
Dominance Index (Dominance)	Do=ln𝑚+∑^𝑚𝑖=1𝑝𝑖ln𝑝𝑖	(v)	To what extent several principal landscape types control whole landscape
Contagion Index (CONTAG)	∑CONTAG=1+^𝑚ℎ=1∑^𝑚𝑖=1𝑝𝑖(𝑔ℎ𝑖/∑^𝑚𝑖=1𝑔ℎ𝑖)ln𝑝𝑖(𝑔ℎ𝑖/∑^𝑚𝑖=1𝑔ℎ𝑖)(𝑚))2ln(100	(vi)	To express the agglomeration degree among different landscape types

𝐼∶patch type; 𝑗: number of patch; 𝐴: the total area; 𝑎_𝑖𝑗: the area of patch 𝑖𝑗; 𝑙: patch perimeter; 𝑘: a constant, as to grid map, 𝑘 equals to 4; 𝑔_ℎ𝑖: contiguity number among patch ℎ and patch 𝑖; 𝑝_𝑖: the area ratio of class 𝑖; 𝑚: quantity of region landscape types.