Uplifting Behavior of Shallow Buried Pipe in Liquefiable Soil by Dynamic Centrifuge Test

Table 1

Centrifuge testing program and uplifting status of pipe 1# during tests.

Test number	Seismic excitation
	Seismic wave	Duration (s)	Amplitude (g)	Uplifting status
Test 1	Noise	30	0.02
	Zhejiang seism wave		0.1	Remain still
	EL-Centro		0.1	Remain still
	Noise		0.02
	Zhejiang seism wave		0.15	Sink slightly
	EL-Centro		0.15	Rise slightly
	Noise		0.02
	EL-Centro		0.5	Rise
	Taft		0.4	Rise
	Noise		0.02
Test 2	Noise	30	0.02
	EL-Centro		0.1	Remain still
	Zhejiang seism wave		0.1	Remain still
	Noise		0.02
	EL-Centro		0.4	Rise
	Taft		0.4	Rise
	Noise		0.02