Stress-Strain Relationship of Ca<svg style="vertical-align:-4.32pt;width:57.8125px;" id="M1" height="21.424999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 57.8125 21.424999" width="57.8125" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,15.975)"><path id="x28" d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,7.819,15.975)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,24.362,15.975)"><path id="x48" d="M729 650v-28q-62 -5 -76 -19.5t-14 -75.5v-404q0 -62 13.5 -76t75.5 -19v-28h-268v28q65 5 79.5 19t14.5 76v199h-341v-199q0 -62 14 -76t76 -19v-28h-263v28q61 5 74.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 62 -14 76t-76 19v28h259v-28q-58 -5 -71 -19t-13 -76v-162h341v162
q0 61 -13.5 75.5t-72.5 19.5v28h261z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,41.533,15.975)"><path id="x29" d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,49.288,21.363)"><path id="x1D7D0" d="M453 211h25l-46 -211h-415v23q97 102 151 166q42 49 81 110q51 78 51 148q0 56 -31.5 91.5t-87.5 35.5q-77 0 -122 -90h-28q67 204 223 204q82 0 132 -49.5t50 -133.5q0 -110 -114 -218l-162 -154h140q82 0 107 13q27 13 46 65z" /></g></svg>-Activated Hwangtoh Concrete

<table class="table-group" width="800px"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><img alt="846805.fig.009a" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/tswj/volume-2014/846805/figures/846805.fig.009a.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(a) </b>For ascending branch</td></tr></table></td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><img alt="846805.fig.009b" src="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/tswj/volume-2014/846805/figures/846805.fig.009b.jpg"/></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td align="center"><table><tr><td><b>(b) </b>For descending branch</td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<table>Formulation of <svg height="17.262501" id="M193" style="vertical-align:-4.0404pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 16.3375 17.262501" width="16.3375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,12.162)"><path d="M558 587q0 -32 -14 -61t-40 -53.5t-48.5 -41t-54.5 -36.5q144 -51 144 -174q0 -55 -43.5 -108t-104.5 -87q-77 -42 -131 -42q-31 0 -54 20t-31 47l11 18q48 -29 108 -29q79 0 119.5 43t40.5 109t-44.5 107.5t-119.5 50.5l22 47q34 1 65 21q96 61 96 157q0 42 -24 67.5
t-62 25.5q-24 0 -43.5 -9t-35 -29.5t-27 -44t-22.5 -63t-19.5 -75.5t-18.5 -91q-57 -294 -68 -380q-26 -190 -35 -200q-26 -31 -97 -37l-4 26q19 9 48 170l77 413q23 121 52.5 187.5t83.5 114.5q70 62 148 62q51 0 88.5 -34t37.5 -91z" id="x1D6FD"></path></g>
<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,9.938,17.2)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g>
</svg> through numerical analysis.</table>

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fig9

Figure 9

Figure 9: Stress-Strain Relationship of Ca<svg style="vertical-align:-4.32pt;width:57.8125px;" id="M1" height="21.424999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 57.8125 21.424999" width="57.8125" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,.062,15.975)"><path id="x28" d="M300 -147l-18 -23q-106 71 -159 185.5t-53 254.5v1q0 139 53 252.5t159 186.5l18 -24q-74 -62 -115.5 -173.5t-41.5 -242.5q0 -130 41.5 -242.5t115.5 -174.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,7.819,15.975)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,24.362,15.975)"><path id="x48" d="M729 650v-28q-62 -5 -76 -19.5t-14 -75.5v-404q0 -62 13.5 -76t75.5 -19v-28h-268v28q65 5 79.5 19t14.5 76v199h-341v-199q0 -62 14 -76t76 -19v-28h-263v28q61 5 74.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 62 -14 76t-76 19v28h259v-28q-58 -5 -71 -19t-13 -76v-162h341v162
q0 61 -13.5 75.5t-72.5 19.5v28h261z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.022,-0,0,-.022,41.533,15.975)"><path id="x29" d="M275 270q0 -296 -211 -440l-19 23q75 62 116.5 174t41.5 243t-42 243t-116 173l19 24q211 -144 211 -440z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.016,-0,0,-.016,49.288,21.363)"><path id="x1D7D0" d="M453 211h25l-46 -211h-415v23q97 102 151 166q42 49 81 110q51 78 51 148q0 56 -31.5 91.5t-87.5 35.5q-77 0 -122 -90h-28q67 204 223 204q82 0 132 -49.5t50 -133.5q0 -110 -114 -218l-162 -154h140q82 0 107 13q27 13 46 65z" /></g></svg>-Activated Hwangtoh Concrete 

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Stress-Strain Relationship of Ca-Activated Hwangtoh Concrete

Figure 9