Efficient Constraint Handling in Electromagnetism-Like Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows

Algorithm 1

EMA (PopSize, MaxIter, and LsIter).

(1) Initialize (PopSize)

(2) Set Iter ← 1

(3) While Iter < MaxIter do

(4)  LocalSearch(LsIter)

(5)  CalculateCharges()

(6)  CalculateForces()

(7)  Movement()

(8)  Set Iter ← Iter + 1

(9) End While