Research Article

Efficient Constraint Handling in Electromagnetism-Like Algorithm for Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows

Table 7

Mean CPU time (sec) comparison on the benchmarks.

CPU MFlopsBenchmark set 1Benchmark set 2Benchmark set 3
ReportedNormalizedReportedNormalizedReportedNormalized

EMA-VP~5002.482.481.431.4313.1813.18
Beam-ACO~25002.1710.850.432.1510.7453.7
CA~1758.332.928.432.9519.336.76
Heuristic~2005.792.32ā€”ā€”197.1878.87