Safety Evaluation of Multiple Strains of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus pentosaceus in Wistar Rats Based on the Ames Test and a 28-Day Feeding Study

Table 3

Blood chemistry in rats that were treated orally with multiple LAB strains for 28 days.

Parameters		Control	Multiplex LAB strains
			Normal dose	High dose
BUN (mg/dL)	M	8.24 ± 1.04^a	8.91 ± 0.75^a	8.15 ± 0.57^a
	F	8.49 ± 1.36^a	8 ± 0.98^a	7.83 ± 0.78^a
GOT (U/L)	M	106.25 ± 15.38^ab	122.63 ± 20.63^a	98 ± 17.73^b
	F	139.38 ± 18.21^c	120.3 ± 10.86^b	93.25 ± 11.59^a
GPT (U/L)	M	79.13 ± 6.13^a	78.38 ± 15.01^a	67.88 ± 11.31^a
	F	51.13 ± 7.3^a	51 ± 8.64^a	53 ± 10.7^a
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)	M	92.38 ± 11.16^a	91.63 ± 14.47^a	87.5 ± 8.89^a
	F	160.13 ± 45.01^b	108.7 ± 8.64^a	98.5 ± 14.39^a
Total protein (g/dL)	M	7.14 ± 0.14^a	7.11 ± 0.14^a	7.1 ± 0.07^a
	F	7.28 ± 0.25^a	7.1 ± 0.24^a	7.14 ± 0.14^a
Albumin (g/dL)	M	4.1 ± 0.18^a	4.01 ± 0.11^a	3.95 ± 0.05^a
	F	4.11 ± 0.22^a	3.9 ± 0.24^a	4.06 ± 0.11^a
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	M	0.74 ± 0.06^b	0.64 ± 0.09^a	0.7 ± 0.09^ab
	F	0.76 ± 0.13^b	0.7 ± 0.01^ab	0.64 ± 0.09^a
GGT (U/L)	M	22.25 ± 3.15^b	17.38 ± 3.62^a	17.13 ± 1.96^a
	F	14.13 ± 1.36^a	14.9 ± 2.12^ab	16.5 ± 2^b
Creatinine (mg/dL)	M	0.55 ± 0.07^b	0.5 ± 0.02^a	0.48 ± 0.04^a
	F	0.5 ± 0.05^a	0.5 ± 0.03^a	0.49 ± 0.02^a
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	M	107.25 ± 13^b	93.63 ± 9.49^a	88.25 ± 11.09^a
	F	96.25 ± 8^a	91.3 ± 78.16^a	94.13 ± 9.98^a
Glucose (mg/dL)	M	121.13 ± 24.01^ab	108.75 ± 20.62^a	134.75 ± 14.49^b
	F	66 ± 19.34^b	113.1 ± 25^a	111.13 ± 22.63^a
Na^+ (mmol/L)	M	143.5 ± 3.25^a	144.13 ± 2.03^a	143.75 ± 2.44^a
	F	145.88 ± 3.18^a	143.9 ± 2.91^a	144.25 ± 2.17^a
K^+ (mmol/L)	M	4.73 ± 0.21^b	4.91 ± 0.18^ab	4.95 ± 0.15^a
	F	5.21 ± 0.18^a	4.9 ± 0.2^b	4.98 ± 0.14^b
Cl^− (mmol/L)	M	108 ± 2.73^a	109.13 ± 2.17^a	108.88 ± 3.3^a
	F	107.5 ± 3.25^a	108.1 ± 3.29^a	107.38 ± 2.34^a
Ca^2+ (mg/dL)	M	9.76 ± 0.169^a	9.56 ± 0.26^a	9.69 ± 0.19^a
	F	9.38 ± 0.33^a	9.6 ± 0.25^a	9.59 ± 0.25^a
P (mg/dL)	M	4.63 ± 0.4^a	4.54 ± 0.28^a	4.79 ± 0.19^a
	F	4.34 ± 0.21^a	4.3 ± 0.23^a	4.48 ± 0.27^a

All values are represented as the mean ± S.D. of Wistar rats ( 8–10/sex/dose). BUN: blood urea nitrogen; GOT: serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase; GPT: serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase; GGT: gamma glutamyl transferase; Na⁺: sodium; K⁺: potassium. Cl⁻: chloride; Ca²⁺: calcium; P: inorganic phosphate; M: male; F: female. ^a,b,c compared with the control group by ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test.