Oversimplification and Overstandardization in Biological Methods: Sperm Bioassays in Ecotoxicology as a Case of Study and a Proposal for Their Reformulation

Figure 3

(a) Spermatic lifespan (Paracentrotus lividus) in sea water at 18–20°C, pH=8.2-8.3, diluted “dry” sperm (1/3,000). Data from Vogel et al. [27] (points), adjusted to (5) (line). (b) Relationships between the maxima corresponding to the fertilization kinetics (left) and the spermatic lifespan (right).

(a) Data from Vogel et al. [27]

(b) Relationships between the maxima of 𝐹 and the spermatic lifespan