Dissolved Concentrations, Sources, and Risk Evaluation of Selected Metals in Surface Water from Mangla Lake, Pakistan

Table 6

Correlation coefficients matrix (𝑟) for selected metals in water samples in summer (below the diagonal) and winter (above the diagonal) from Mangla Lake (𝑛=150).

	Ca	Cd	Co	Cr	Cu	Fe	K	Li	Mg	Mn	Na	Ni	Pb	Sr	Zn
Ca	1	−0.10	−0.31	−0.17	0.15	−0.04	−0.09	0.24	0.59	0.14	0.77	0.01	−0.08	−0.03	−0.12
Cd	0.01	1	−0.11	0.01	−0.20	−0.12	0.01	0.18	−0.26	−0.16	−0.23	0.10	−0.09	−0.17	0.44
Co	−0.16	0.05	1	−0.21	−0.04	0.12	−0.12	−0.19	−0.38	−0.08	−0.31	−0.11	0.04	−0.25	0.12
Cr	0.28	0.03	−0.24	1	0.39	0.01	0.01	−0.12	0.31	−0.07	0.14	−0.14	0.30	0.58	−0.04
Cu	−0.11	0.05	0.17	−0.11	1	−0.05	−0.12	−0.06	0.25	−0.01	0.29	0.04	0.03	0.13	−0.24
Fe	0.36	0.25	−0.15	0.44	−0.01	1	0.11	0.09	0.13	−0.17	0.06	−0.17	0.08	0.28	−0.23
K	−0.14	−0.48	−0.05	−0.34	−0.14	−0.29	1	0.34	0.36	−0.15	−0.28	−0.31	0.22	0.12	0.14
Li	−0.45	−0.23	0.26	−0.51	0.35	−0.48	0.14	1	0.26	0.02	0.05	−0.10	−0.01	−0.07	0.18
Mg	0.50	−0.01	−0.31	0.32	−0.11	0.30	0.06	−0.09	1	−0.12	0.68	−0.23	0.26	0.49	−0.14
Mn	0.25	0.11	−0.12	0.21	−0.19	0.41	−0.15	−0.03	0.58	1	0.14	−0.12	−0.25	−0.15	−0.37
Na	0.13	−0.15	−0.41	0.22	−0.14	0.13	0.12	0.06	0.71	0.60	1	−0.05	0.02	0.16	−0.28
Ni	−0.45	−0.04	0.14	−0.12	0.18	−0.17	0.22	0.45	−0.09	−0.19	−0.10	1	0.04	−0.35	0.09
Pb	−0.06	−0.14	−0.11	−0.16	0.21	0.15	0.19	0.12	0.07	−0.11	0.09	0.20	1	0.20	0.15
Sr	0.28	0.43	−0.18	0.20	−0.06	0.49	−0.24	−0.32	0.09	0.11	−0.02	−0.33	0.04	1	−0.17
Zn	−0.02	0.25	0.01	−0.02	−0.27	0.42	−0.03	−0.22	0.01	0.22	−0.03	0.17	−0.07	0.32	1

^∗𝑟 values > 0.33 of <−0.33 are significant at 𝑃<0.01.