Formulation and Characterization of Drug Loaded Nonionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement

Table 3

Composition and characterization of niosomal formulations.

Formulation code	Surfactant grade	Surfactant : CHOL : DCP ratio	Mean vesicle diameter (𝜇m)*	Zeta potential (mV)*	Entrapment efficiency (%)*	% Cumulative drug released (at the end of 24 hours)*
F1	Sorbitan laurate	2.5 : 1 : 0.1	7.12±0.75	−91±0.19	37±0.56	—
F2		2 : 1 : 0.1	8.01±0.61	−87±0.13	48±0.69	—
F3		1.5 : 1 : 0.1	8.70±1.24	−56±0.23	58±0.42	—
F4		1 : 1 : 0.1	9.03±0.76	−29±0.12	78±1.08	83.86±3.72
F5		1 : 1.5 : 0.1	10.91±0.86	−25±0.15	75±0.73	—
F6	Sorbitan monopalmitate	2.5 : 1 : 0.1	5.70±0.75	−61±0.16	38±0.71	—
F7		2 : 1 : 0.1	7.84±0.96	−52±0.21	52±0.82	—
F8		1.5 : 1 : 0.1	8.65±0.81	−48±0.24	63±0.36	—
F9		1 : 1 : 0.1	8.90±1.30	−26±0.18	83±0.71	94.12±4.82
F10		1 : 1.5 : 0.1	9.85±0.78	−22±0.17	81±0.37	—
F11	Sorbitan monostearate	2.5 : 1 : 0.1	3.98±0.34	−46±0.15	48±0.52	—
F12		2 : 1 : 0.1	4.31±0.67	−39±0.17	59±1.01	—
F13		1.5 : 1 : 0.1	4.93±1.16	−28±0.23	71±0.65	—
F14		1 : 1 : 0.1	6.82±0.76	−23±0.21	95±0.51	99.09±4.78
F15		1 : 1.5 : 0.1	8.55±0.86	−22±0.18	89±0.79	—
F16	Sorbitan oleate	2.5 : 1 : 0.1	2.95±0.87	−45±0.19	52±0.63	—
F17		2 : 1 : 0.1	4.17±0.86	−37±0.20	62±0.54	—
F18		1.5 : 1 : 0.1	4.59±0.56	−25±0.21	74±0.74	—
F19		1 : 1 : 0.1	6.31±0.75	−21±0.11	96±0.66	89.90±3.99
F20		1 : 1.5 : 0.1	8.42±0.65	−16±0.14	89±0.82	—

∗The data were reported as an average of 3 measurements (mean ± S.D.).