Formulation and Characterization of Drug Loaded Nonionic Surfactant Vesicles (Niosomes) for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement

Table 5

Pharmacokinetic parameters of TDF in rats after oral administration of a single dose of 95 mg/kg as plane drug solution and niosomal formulation.

Parameters	Plane drug solution*	Niosomal formulation*
AUC0→∞ (𝜇g·h·mL^−1)	2781.51±622	7184.9±851
𝐶max (𝜇g·mL^−1)	365.91±98	659.9±104
𝑇max (h)	1.20±0.81	2.51±0.17
𝑇1/2 (h)	6.32±1.02	11.81±3.42
MRT (h)	9.09±3.12	17.03±5.4
𝐾𝑎 (h^−1)	1.08±0.27	0.86±0.12
𝐾 (h^−1)	0.19±0.09	0.07±0.04

∗The data were reported as an average of 6 measurements (mean ± S.D.).