Effect of Zirconium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Physicochemical Properties and Antibiofilm Activity of a Calcium Silicate-Based Material

Table 1

Experimental materials and their manufacturers.

Group	Material	Manufacturer
PC	Portland cement (PC); 330 L of distilled water	PC-CPB-40 structural Votoran, Votorantim Cimentos, Brazil
PC + ZrO2	PC (70%) + ZrO2 (30%); 330 L of distilled water	PC-CPB-40 structural Votoran, Votorantim Cimentos, Brazil; ZrO2—Sigma-Aldrich Brazil Ltd., São Paulo, SP, Brazil
PC + ZrO2 + ZnO (5%)	PC (65%) + ZrO2 (30%) + ZnO (5%); 330 L of distilled water	PC-CPB-40 structural Votoran, Votorantim Cimentos, Brazil; ZrO2—Sigma-Aldrich Brazil Ltd., São Paulo, SP, Brazil; ZnO—Nanotechnology Laboratory of the Physics Institute of São Carlos, SP, Brazil
PC + ZrO2 + ZnO (10%)	PC (60%) + ZrO2 (30%) + ZnO (10%); 330 L of distilled water	PC-CPB-40 structural Votoran, Votorantim Cimentos, Brazil; ZrO2—Sigma-Aldrich Brazil Ltd., São Paulo, SP, Brazil; ZnO—Nanotechnology Laboratory of the Physics Institute of São Carlos, SP, Brazil

PC: Portland cement.
ZrO₂: zirconium oxide.
ZnO: zinc oxide.