Tomato Seed Coat Permeability to Selected Carbon Nanomaterials and Enhancement of Germination and Seedling Growth

Table 1

The effect of sonication for 0 and 60 minutes and CBNM seed treatments on the percentage of seeds with permeable seed coats as determined by diffusion of Rhodamine B to the embryo.

Treatment	Intact seeds		Punctured seeds
	0 min	60 min	0 min	60 min
MilliQ	0.9 ± 1.2	1.7 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0
GA	0.0 ± 0.0	2.2 ± 1.2	100.0 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0
Fullerol	0.9 ± 1.2	3.3 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0
MWNT-GA	1.7 ± 2.3	3.3 ± 2.3	100.0 ± 0.0	100.0 ± 0.0

Results are means ± standard errors.