From Determinism and Probability to Chaos: Chaotic Evolution towards Philosophy and Methodology of Chaotic Optimization

Table 8

Means of Gaussian mixture models with 3D, 5D, 7D, 10D, 13D, 15D, 17D, and 20 D. The abbreviation meanings are in Table 2. The (†) and (‡) marks mean that the proposed algorithms are significantly better than or as the same as IDE/best/1/bin and IDE/rand/1/bin, respectively, by Wilcoxon sign-ranked test ().

	DE-best	DE-rand	Logistic	Tent	Gauss	Hénon-rand	Hénon-attrac.
3D	−5.32	−5.05
5D	−2.47	−2.23
7D	−1.50	−1.00
10D	−0.34	−0.17
13D	−5.20	−5.17
15D	−2.59	−2.13
17D	−1.32	−0.87
20D	−0.35	−0.22