Proactive Alleviation Procedure to Handle Black Hole Attack and Its Version

Table 1

Vulnerability analysis of routing protocols.

Attacks	Countermeasure	Effectiveness
Black hole	SAR	Effective
Wormhole	Packet leashes	Effective
Rushing attack	RAP	Versatile
Resource Depletion	IDS	Effective
Gray hole	Checkpoint based multihop ACK	Versatile
Sinkhole	Intruder detection	Versatile
DoS	IPS/IDS	Versatile

Effective: avoids or allows negligible damage.
Versatile: allows attack only to do a partial damage.
Ineffective: allows the attack to meet out considerable or full damage.