Live and Heat-Killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 May Induce Modulatory Cytokines Profiles on Macrophages RAW 264.7

Figure 1

Cytokines secreted by macrophages after exposure to different suspensions: LPS (positive control); negative control (saline solution); LLR: live L. rhamnosus; HKLR: heat-killed L. rhamnosus; and SHKLR: supernatant of heat-killed L. rhamnosus. Mean values (pg/mL) ± standard deviation of (a) TNF-α, (b) IL-6, (c) IL-1β, (d) IL-12, (e) IL-10, and (f) IL-4.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)