Ornamental Exterior versus Therapeutic Interior of Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus): The Two Faces of a Versatile Herb

Table 2

Genetic diversity in Catharanthus roseus accessions using different marker systems.

NUA^1	Type of marker(s)	Clustering method	Similarity indices	Ranges	Genetic variation	References
8	RAPD^2	UPGMA^7	NP	86–100	Low-moderate	[159]
8	AFLP^3	UPGMA	NP	85–100	Low-moderate	[159]
8	^1H NMR^∗	UPGMA	NP	0–3	Moderate	[159]
8	Chemical (ion content)	UPGMA	Euclidean distance	32–100	High	[160]
14	ISSR^4	SAHN^8	Jaccard	0.57–1.00	Moderate	[161]
14	RAPD	SAHN	Jaccard	0.4–0.97	High	[161]
32	Morphochemical/phytochemical	UPGMA	Nei’s	55–100	Moderate	[131]
50	Phytochemical/enzymatic	—	Mean comparison	—	High/moderate	[162]
72	Isozyme/phytochemical	NP^9	Mean comparison	NP	Moderate	[30]
40	ISSR	—	Nei’s	0.15–0.9	High	[163]
9	RAPD/ISSR/SSR^5	UPGMA	Jaccard	0.19–0.73/0.25–0.64/0.26–0.73	High	[164]
32	SSR/STMS^6	UPGMA	Nei and Li’s	0.07–0.79	High	[165]

Number of used accessions, ²RAPD: random amplified polymorphic DNA, ³AFLP: amplified fragment length polymorphism, ^∗1H NMR: hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance, ⁴ISSR: intersimple sequence repeat, ⁵SSR: simple sequence repeat, ⁶STMS: sequence-tagged microsatellites sites, ⁷UPGMA: unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, ⁸SAHN: sequential agglomerative hierarchical nonoverlapping, and ⁹NP: not presented in the related reference.