Optimal Siting and Sizing of Multiple DG Units for the Enhancement of Voltage Profile and Loss Minimization in Transmission Systems Using Nature Inspired Algorithms

Table 6

Algorithm	PSO			GSA			Hybrid
DG type
5 DGs’ WK bus
FIT	3.096217	5.114391	4.177373	2.36139	4.2768	2.364621	1.764437	4.2768	1.800886
(MW)	3.948507	6.48354	5.023242	3.047111	5.474296	3.029391	2.234555	5.474296	2.291437
(MVAR)	17.0867	27.91454	21.45659	12.94902	23.60796	13.04334	9.823366	23.60796	9.988834
VD	0.010127	0.097633	0.497416
solar (MW)	35.16237		34.57517	35.21534		35.71248	44.33067		45.38128
%   solar	12.35515		12.20013	12.42602		12.60144	15.64244		16.01315
solar (MVAR)		16.01837	13.55552		15.4104	15.43647		15.4104	16.63139
%   solar		12.69284	10.7413		12.21109	12.23175		12.21109	13.1786
3 DGs’ WK bus
FIT	4.264306	5.883197	5.437968	2.894293	4.23752	2.993451	2.319683	4.335688	2.489634
(MW)	4.330255	6.442337	6.252752	3.687836	5.411755	3.820455	2.918493	5.469429	3.154463
(MVAR)	21.90277	31.06185	26.93665	16.0355	23.43406	16.56292	12.98041	23.68064	13.85381
VD
solar (MW)	24.11545		24.10796	21.3087		21.26735	28.35612		27.09767
%   solar	8.509333		8.506692	7.518949		7.504356	10.00569		9.561632
solar (MVAR)		10.67152	7.689319		9.323842	9.659002		0.096953	10.82097
%   solar		8.456037	6.092963		7.388148	7.653726		7.297119	8.574461
3 DGs’ LSF
FIT	4.212065	5.883197	5.397336	2.81944	4.251188	2.989552	2.212357	3.921414	2.450767
(MW)	4.251328	6.442337	6.206426	3.569999	5.437177	3.802894	2.776769	5.484566	3.046115
(MVAR)	21.7197	31.06185	26.78419	15.6994	23.48176	16.58536	12.38338	23.71063	13.84625
VD	1.003874	0.949443	0.99394
solar (MW)	24.11545		24.10796	21.341		21.29026	31.00476		23.9273
%   solar	8.509333		7.689319	7.530345		7.512442	10.94028		8.442944
solar (MVAR)		10.67152	8.506692		9.313316	9.662229		9.208964	5.900359
%   solar		8.456037	6.092963		7.379807	7.656283		7.297119	4.675403
4 DGs’ WK bus
FIT	3.590047	4.310123	4.204349	2.692499	4.204649	2.574001	1.820807	4.310123	2.163678
(MW)	3.943014	5.477871	4.608111	3.458567	5.360118	3.222565	2.284012	5.477871	2.728538
(MVAR)	17.72519	23.6799	20.97923	14.81996	23.28607	14.34279	10.08463	23.6799	12.08686
VD	0.795406	0.045233	0.897432
solar (MW)	28.27499		28.13829	28.2066		31.82575	42.07584		34.21096
%   solar	9.962176		9.928825	9.952928		11.22998	14.8468		12.07162
solar (MVAR)		12.15449	10.65566		12.38437	12.42506		12.15449	13.52161
%   solar		9.631134	8.443475		9.813289	9.84553		9.631134	10.71443
4 DGs’ LSF
FIT	3.576975	4.651419	4.188804	2.579767	4.209986	2.567546	1.925261	4.309961	2.001535
(MW)	3.924537	5.831084	4.584043	3.298612	5.36723	3.227293	2.429493	5.477474	2.53162
(MVAR)	17.67696	25.99136	20.92145	14.25248	23.31448	14.33873	10.74905	23.67911	11.15468
VD	0.792166	0.020734	0.89499
solar (MW)	28.27499		28.13829	28.19092		31.84273	38.83614		38.21796
%   solar	9.977059		9.928825	9.947396		11.23597	13.70365		13.48552
solar (MVAR)		13.01001	10.65567		12.38567	12.39378		12.15449	12.44819
%   solar		10.30904	8.443475		9.814316	9.820745		9.631134	9.863862