Effect of Opioid on Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

Table 1

Effects of drugs on different stages of adult neurogenesis.

Drugs	Species	Administration paradigm	Effects			References
			Proliferation	Neural differentiation	Survival
Morphine	Rat	Acute injection	—		—	[9]
Morphine	Rat	Pellet implantation	↓		↓	[9]
Heroin	Rat	Self-administration	↓		↓	[9]
β-Endorphin	Rat	In vitro, chronic	↑			[17]
# naloxone	Rat	In vitro, chronic	↓	↑		[18]
# naltrindole	Rat	In vitro, chronic	↓			[18]
# naltrexone	Rat	Acute injection	↓			[19]
Morphine	Mouse	Pellet implantation	↓			[20]
Morphine	Rat	Multiple injections	↓			[21]
Morphine	Mouse	Pellet implantation	↓	↓		[12, 22, 23]
Morphine	Mouse	Multiple injections	—			[12]
Met-enkephalin	Zebra finch	In vitro, chronic	↓			[24]
#  naloxone	Zebra finch	In vitro, chronic	↑			[24]
		In vivo, chronic
Heroin	Rat	Extinction of self-administration		↑		[25]
Buprenorphine	Mouse	Multiple injections	↓		↑	[26]
Methadone	Rat	Multiple injections	—	—	—	[27]
Morphine	Mouse	Multiple injections	—	↓		[28]
Fentanyl	Mouse	Multiple injections	↑	—		[28]
Morphine	Mouse	In vitro, chronic	↓		↓	[29]
Morphine	Mouse	Multiple injections		↓		[30]

↑, upregulation; ↓, downregulation; —, no significant differences; #, opioid receptor antagonist.