Orthodontic Treatment Need and the Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion in 12-Year-Old Hong Kong Children

Table 5

Associations between the psychosocial impact of malocclusion and sociodemographic factors.

Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion	Socio-demographic Factors
	Gender	Education	Income
	Male: 50.8% (n = 339)	Below college: 79.0% (n = 527)	≤20,000 HKD: 56.7% (n = 378)
	Female: 49.2% (n = 328)	College: 21.0% (n = 140)	> 20,000 HKD: 43.3% (n = 289)
Concerned
No: 39.6% (n = 264);
Yes: 60.4% (n = 403)
Odds ratio	1.063	1.246	0.996
Standard error	0.164	0.179	0.190
p-value	0.709	0.221	0.984
Confidence interval	0.771-1.465	0.876-1.771	0.686-1.447
Smiling
No: 66.0% (n = 440);
Yes: 34.0% (n = 227)
Odds ratio	0.962	1.116	1.039
Standard error	0.168	0.182	0.197
p-value	0.817	0.547	0.845
Confidence interval	0.692-1.337	0.781-1.594	0.707-1.528
Teased
No: 52.1% (n = 348);
Yes: 47.9% (n = 319)
Odds ratio	0.947	1.124	1.080
Standard error	0.160	0.174	0.186
p-value	0.734	0.501	0.680
Confidence interval	0.693-1.295	0.800-1.579	0.750-1.556