Research Article
Risk Assessment of Fishing Trawl Activities to Subsea Pipelines of Sabah and Labuan Waters
Table 8
Level of damage according to force of impact.
| | Pipeline name | Thickness (mm) | Extent of damage | Force (kN) | Yield strength (kN/m2) | Pull-over load Fp (kN) |
| | ID80 Erb West/LGAST | 9.53 | Major | 172.011 | 2.9 × 105 at 42 ksi | 24.01 | | Local | 127.067 | | Minor | 72.946 | | Slight | 47.062 | | ID85 Erb West/SBGST | 15.9 | Major | 286.985 | 4.2 × 105 at 60 ksi | 25.98 | | Local | 212.000 | | Minor | 121.704 | | Slight | 78.519 | | ID107 Semarang/LGAST | 9.53 | Major | 172.011 | 3.55 × 105 at 52 ksi | 28.19 | | Local | 127.067 | | Minor | 72.946 | | Slight | 47.062 | | ID144A Semarang/LGAST | 11.1 | Major | 200.348 | 4.5 × 105 at 65 ksi | 38.183 | | Local | 148.000 | | Minor | 84.963 | | Slight | 54.815 |
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