|
| Authors (year) | No. of subjects (teeth) | Age of patient-years (mean ± SD) | Intracanal medications | Scaffolds | Pulpal space/barrier used | Follow-up duration | Root maturation stage (Cvek’s classification) | Main outcomes |
|
| Alasqah et al. [26] (2020) | (n = 1) | 8 years old | Ca(OH)2 + TAP | Blood clot | MTA plug | 2 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Significant periapical healing and complete roots formation |
| Rizk et al. [27] (2019) | (n = 30) | (9.1 ± 1.02) | TAP | Blood clot + PRP | MTA | 1 year | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Complete maturation of the root apex |
| Ajram et al. [28] (2019) | (n = 1) | 7 years old | Ca(OH)2 | Blood clot | Micromega-MTA (MM-MTA) | 2 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Apical closure and complete periapical healing |
| Ulusoy and Cehreli [29] (2017) | (n = 4) | (9.2 ± 1.75) | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 1.5 years | Stage I (<1/2 root length with open apex) | Lack of evidence for increased root dimensions and/or apical closure, but the elimination of clinical signs/symptoms and resolution of apical periodontitis have happened. |
| Moodley et al. [30] (2017) | (n = 1) | 10 years old | Ca(OH)2 + TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 2–5 months | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Apical closure and a thickening of the dentinal walls |
| Timmerman and Parashos [31] (2017) | (n = 1) | 16 years old | Ca(OH)2 | Blood clot | MTA | 3 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Root development/Apical closure |
| Nosrat et al. [35] (2015) | (n = 2) | (9.5 ± 0.74) | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 4 months | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Root development/Apical closure |
| Bezgin et al. [39] (2015) | (n = 20) | (9.9 ± 1.9) | TAP | Blood clot + PRP | MTA | 1.5 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Complete apical closure, periapical tissue pathology resolution |
| Narang et al. [40] (2015) | (n = 20) | (11.2 ± 3.51) | TAP | Blood clot + PRP + PRF | Resin-modified glass ionomer cement | 6 months–1.5 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Apical closure, root lengthening, dentinal wall thickening, and periapical healing |
| Saoud et al. [4] (2014) | (n = 20) | (11.3 ± 1.92) | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 1 year | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Apical closure, root lengthening, and root wall width |
| Alobaid et al. [44] (2014) | (n = 31) | (8.8 ± 1.67) | TAP + BAP + CH | Blood clot | MTA | 8.5–14.5 months | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Apical closure and hard tissue barrier |
| Nagata et al. [45] (2014) | (n = 23) | (11.3 ± 3.12) | TAP + Ca(OH)2+ CH | Blood clot | MTA | 9–19 months | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Root thickening/Lengthening/Apical closure |
| Kahler et al. [46] (2014) | (n = 16) | (10.1 ± 1.88) | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 1–3 years | Stage II (1/2 root length with open apex) | Root thickening/lengthening. Negative results for this procedure |
| Nagy et al. [47] (2014) | (n = 36) | (10.8 ± 1.54) | TAP | Blood clot + blood clot with (FGF) | MTA plug | 1 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Root thickening/Lengthening/Apical closure |
| Jadhav et al. [50] (2013) | (n = 6) | (15.3 ± 6.82) | Ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline | Blood clot + blood clot with PRP | Resin-modified glass ionomer cement | 1 year | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Root thickening/lengthening/Apical closure |
| Sönmez et al. [51] (2013) | (n = 3) | 9 years old | Ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline | Blood clot | MTA | 2 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Apical closure and dentin wall thickening |
| Mc Tigue et al. [52] (2013) | (n = 32) | (10.2 ± 1.83) | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 1 year | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Apical closure and root wall thickening + periapical tissue healing |
| Martin et al. [53] (2013) | (n = 1) | 9 years old | TAP | PRP | MTA | 1 year | Stage III (2/3 root length with open apex) | Root thickening/lengthening |
| Dabbagh et al. [55] (2012) | (n = 18) | (10.5 ± 1.58) | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 2 years | Stage IV (wide opening apical foramen and nearly completed root length) | Root thickening/lengthening, hard tissue barrier, and periapical tissue healing |
| Chen et al. [3] (2012) | (n = 20) | (10.2 ± 1.49) | Ca(OH)2 | Blood clot | MTA | 6–26 months | Stage IV (wide opening apical foramen and nearly completed root length) | Root lengthening, dentinal wall thickening, hard tissue barrier, and periapical healing |
| Jeeruphan et al. [6] (2012) | (n = 61) | (12.9 ± 5.07) | Ca(OH)2 | Blood clot | Gutta-percha | 11.7–21.15 months | Stage III (2/3 root length with open apex) | Root wall width/lengthening |
| Kim et al. [56] (2012) | (n = 3) | (10.6 ± 1.15) | Ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + cefaclor | Blood clot | MTA | 2–4 years | Stage III (2/3 root length with open apex) | Periapical healing and dentin wall thickening |
| Iwaya et al. [57] (2011) | (n = 1) | 7 years old | Ca(OH)2 | Empty scaffold | Gutta-percha | 30 months | Stage IV (wide opening apical foramen and nearly completed root length) | Continued root development and apical closure |
| Torabinejad and Turman [20] (2011) | (n = 1) | 11 years old | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 5.5 months | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Hard tissue barrier |
| Cehreli et al. [16] (2011) | (n = 6) | 10 years old | CH | Blood clot | MTA plug | 1.5 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Apical closure, periapical tissue healing, and tissue regeneration |
| Nosrat et al. [59] (2011) | (n = 2) | (8.5 ± 0.70) | TAP | Blood clot | Calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement | 15–18 months | Stage IV (wide opining apical foramen and nearly completed root length) | Root development/Periapical tissue healing |
| Petrino et al. [60] (2010) | (n = 6) | (10 ± 3.60) | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 8 months | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Hard tissue barrier |
| Thomson and Kahler [63] (2010) | (n = 1) | 12 years old | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 1.5 years | Stage IV (wide opening apical foramen and nearly completed root length) | Continued root development and some of the apical closures are evident |
| Reynolds et al. [22] (2009) | (n = 2) | 11 years old | TAP | Blood clot | MTA | 1.5 years | Stage V (closed apical foramen and completed root development) | Significant root development with maturation of the dentine |
| Ding et al. [64] (2009) | (n = 12) | (9.5 ± 1.16) | Ciprofloxacin + metronidazole + minocycline | Blood clot | MTA | 15 months | Stage IV (wide opening apical foramen and nearly completed root length) | Continued root development |
| Bose et al. [65] (2009) | (n = 88) | Not reported | TAP + CH + formocresol | Blood clot | MTA | 6 months-3 years | Stage IV (wide opening apical foramen and nearly completed root length) | Root development/thickening/lengthening |
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