Internet Addiction, Oral Health Practices, Clinical Outcomes, and Self-Perceived Oral Health in Young Saudi Adults
Table 2
Association of Internet use with oral health practices and clinical outcomes stratified by the perception of oral health.
Perceived oral health
Problematic Internet use
Sugar score
Tobacco score
Oral hygiene practices score
DMFT
Percentage of teeth with gingival bleeding
Poor
Average vs. significant problem
Regression coefficient (95% CI)
4.62 (−6.15, 15.40)
−1.75 (−13.69, 10.18)
0.28 (−7.78, 8.33)
2.41 (−4.08, 8.90)
−6.51 (−47.82, 34.80)
0.40
0.77
0.95
0.46
0.76
η2
0.006
0.001
<0.0001
0.005
0.001
Frequent vs. significant problem
Regression coefficient (95% CI)
6.44 (−4.42, 17.29)
−2.46 (−14.48, 9.56)
−0.32 (−8.43, 7.80)
2.42 (−4.12, 8.96)
−7.01 (−48.62, 34.60)
0.24
0.69
0.94
0.47
0.74
η2
0.01
0.001
<0.0001
0.005
0.001
Fair
Average vs. significant problem
Regression coefficient (95% CI)
−5.90 (−9.83, −1.98)
−0.86 (−3.25, 1.53)
0.86 (−1.77, 3.49)
0.62 (−1.48, 2.72)
−4.25 (−13.86, 5.35)
0.003
0.48
0.52
0.56
0.39
η2
0.02
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.002
Frequent vs. significant problem
Regression coefficient (95% CI)
−5.54 (−9.44, −1.64)
−0.79 (−3.16, 1.58)
0.48 (−2.13, 3.09)
0.62 (−1.47, 2.71)
−6.14 (−15.68, 3.40)
0.006
0.51
0.72
0.56
0.21
η2
0.02
0.001
<0.0001
0.001
0.004
Good
Average vs. significant problem
Regression coefficient (95% CI)
−6.52 (−12.55, −0.49)
−2.04 (−3.92, −0.15)
2.07 (−2.12, 6.26)
2.53 (−0.52, 5.58)
−15.45 (−31.61, 0.72)
0.03
0.03
0.33
0.10
0.06
η2
0.01
0.01
0.003
0.007
0.01
Frequent vs. significant problem
Regression coefficient (95% CI)
−5.26 (−11.30, 0.78)
−2.11 (−4.00, −0.22)
2.04 (−2.16, 6.23)
2.64 (−0.42, 5.70)
−14.76 (−30.96, 1.44)
0.09
0.03
0.34
0.09
0.07
η2
0.008
0.01
0.003
0.008
0.009
Controlling for gender, age, parental education, track, and having regular checkups last year. CI: confidence interval; η2: partial eta squared. Statistically significant at .
