Short-Term Effects of Strengthening Exercises of the Lower Limb Rehabilitation Protocol on Pain, Stiffness, Physical Function, and Body Mass Index among Knee Osteoarthritis Participants Who Were Overweight or Obese: A Clinical Trial
Table 3
Baseline demographic characteristics and clinical outcome measures of participants at the baseline: mean (SD) or n (%).
Baseline demographic characteristics and clinical outcome measures
Overall (n = 50)
RPG (n = 25)
CG (n = 25)
value
Age, mean (SD), y
53.12 (5.41)
53.40 (5.18)
52.84 (5.74)
0.719
Gender (male/female), n
23/27
11/14
12/13
0.782
Educational status, n (%)
(i) Matriculation
8 (16)
6 (24.0)
2 (8.0)
0.473
(ii) Intermediate
20 (40)
8 (32.0)
12 (48.0)
(iii) Bachelor
13 (26)
7 (28.0)
6 (24.0)
(iv) Master
9 (18)
4 (16.0)
5 (20.0)
Employment, no. (%)
(i) Yes
33 (66)
19 (76.0)
14 (56.0)
0.141
(ii) No
17 (34)
6 (24.0)
11 (44.0)
Weight (kg), mean (SD)
84.06 (11.09)
86.68 (8.15)
81.44 (13.05)
0.095
Height (m), mean (SD)
2.63 (0.31)
2.72 (0.34)
2.54 (0.25)
0.036
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD)
32.09 (4.16)
32.18 (4.49)
32.01 (3.89)
0.885
WOMAC pain (0–20), mean (SD)
9.94 (1.73)
9.84 (1.51)
10.04 (1.94)
0.687
WOMAC stiffness (0–8), mean (SD)
3.70 (1.70)
3.84 (1.90)
3.56 (1.50)
0.567
WOMAC physical function (0–68), mean (SD)
23.60 (12.14)
24.48 (12.77)
22.72 (11.68)
0.614
RPG, rehabilitation protocol group; CG, control group; SD, standard deviation; no., number; kg, kilogram; m, meter.
