The Scientific World Journal
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Acceptance rate15%
Submission to final decision115 days
Acceptance to publication14 days
CiteScore3.900
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Chemical Profiling and Biological Activities on Nepalese Medicinal Plant Extracts and Isolation of Active Fraction of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis

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The Scientific World Journal publishes original research and review articles covering a wide range of subjects in science, technology, and medicine.

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Research Article

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) Status toward Clinical Reasoning and Evidence-Based Medicine among the Medical Interns and Gynecology Residents of Iran University of Medical Sciences

Background. Clinical reasoning and evidence-based medicine (EBM) are important concepts in modern medicine. Objective. We performed this study to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) status toward clinical reasoning and EBM among the medical interns and gynecology resident physicians of Iran University of Medical Sciences and related factors. Methods. A cross-sectional study (Tehran, Iran, first half of 2022) was conducted based on two researcher-made questionnaires consisting of three components for each including clinical reasoning attitude (CR-A), clinical reasoning knowledge (CR-K), clinical reasoning practice (CR-P), EBM attitude (EBM-A), EBM knowledge (EBM-K), and EBM practice (EBM-P). The related factors were age, gender, educational level, score of general practice education, having research experience, and general practice experience. Results. A total of 60 individuals participated. The mean score was good for CR-A, moderate for CR-K, moderate for CR-P, good for EBM-A, moderate for EBM-K, and moderate for EBM-P. The total score was moderate in both clinical reasoning and EBM. Among the related factors, CR-P was associated with higher educational levels and having experience in general practice (). Research experience was associated with better CR-K and all KAP components for EBM (). Conclusion. The total score and many of the KAP components had moderate status for clinical reasoning and EBM. Planning on the associated factors should be regarded in the future. Such questionnaires are suggested to be validated for use in quasi-experimental studies.

Research Article

Nutritional Composition and Antinutritional Factors of Five Wild Edible Fruits Grown in the Mekdela District, South of Wollo, Ethiopia

This study was carried out to determine the mineral content and nutritional properties of five wild fruits Rhus vulgaris, Rosa abyssinica, Rhus natalensis, Euclea racemosa, and Ficus sur. The proximate composition parameters (moisture, ash, crude fiber, crude fat, and crude protein) and antinutritional factors were evaluated using methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists and elemental analysis using the atomic absorption spectroscopy technique. Among the five wild edible fruit species, Rhus vulgaris had the highest carbohydrate content (83.3 ± 0.28 g/100 g) and a high total energy (344.5 ± 2.21 kcal/100 g). Euclea racemosa was found to have the maximum ash content (12.8 ± 0.37 g/100 g), protein content (3.22 ± 0.01 g/100 g), and moisture (16.24 ± 0.003 g/100 g), respectively. Rhus natalensis showed the highest fiber content (9.54 ± 0.003 g/100 g). Mineral analysis showed that local wild fruits contained a considerable amount of minerals. The calcium concentration ranged from 99.51 mg/100 g in Euclea racemosa to 160.12 mg/100 g in Ficus sur. Potassium concentration varied from 54.34 mg/100 g in Euclea racemosa to 234 mg/100 g in Rhus vulgaris. Iron ranges from 21.4 mg/100 g in Rosa abyssinica to 41 mg/100 g in Rhus natalensis, and zinc ranges from 2.3 mg/100 g in Rhus vulgaris to 4.2 mg/100 g in Ficus sur. A high saponin content (2.12 mg/100 g) and a low tannin content (0.23 mg/100 g) were obtained in Rosa abyssinica. The phytate content (1.52 mg/100 g) and the oxalate content (0.9 mg/100 g) were high in Rhus natalensis. In conclusion, the present study shows that wild fruits can be used as food supplementation in food in a safe area.

Research Article

Steaming Maintains Fatty Acids, Antioxidants, and Proximate Content in Snack Bar Products from Cocoa Beans

Chocolate products on the market are generally in the form of chocolate bars as snacks made from cocoa powder. Fat and powder are separated first through a pressing process to obtain the cocoa powder. Cocoa powder loses most of its fat content during processing. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effect of steaming time on the cocoa bean content of fatty acids, free fatty acids, proximate levels, and antioxidant activity of snack bar products made from steamed cocoa beans. Seven steaming time intervals for cocoa beans were studied. The results showed that a longer steaming time affects the fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and proximate in cocoa beans. Steaming time treatment at 45 minutes increased oleic acid, palmitic acid, and antioxidant activity. In addition, reducing free fatty acids represents a quality improvement that meets international Codex Alimentarius standards, offering a competitive advantage in the market. The food industry can adopt this steaming technique to develop snack bars and new products that are healthier and more sustainable by using steaming as an effective processing method in maintaining and increasing the nutritional value of products.

Research Article

Wavelet Coherence Analysis of Plasma Beta, Alfven Mach Number, and Magnetosonic Mach Number during Different Geomagnetic Storms

We study the variation in plasma beta, Alfven Mach number, and magnetosonic Mach number during different geomagnetic storms of solar cycles 23, 24, and 25. In addition, we employ measurements of the solar wind’s flow pressure, proton density, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) along the z-direction (Bz), temperature, velocity, and geomagnetic index SYM-H. Here, the wavelet coherence (WTC) approach of plasma beta, the Alfven Mach number, and the magnetosonic Mach number have been used with the symmetrical H component (SYM-H) index, which are critical indicators of the plasma behavior and magnetic field interactions. A solar CME or, much less severely, a corotating interaction region (CIR), which is formed at the leading edge of a high-speed stream, is the source of the magnetic storm. The key objective of this study is to reveal the possible dependencies of the geomagnetic indices on whether a storm is driven by a CME or CIR. For CIR-associated storms, large amplitude waves occur preferentially with the rising Alfven Mach number and plasma beta. At the same time, the magnetosonic Mach number lacks variability during the storms caused by shock on the arrival of Earth’s environment. This is different for CME-driven storms, where the variations of the magnetosonic Mach number do not show much fluctuation compared to the Alfven Mach number and plasma beta. WTC between SYM-H and our derived parameters indicates periodicities between 64 and 512 minutes and noticeable regions of significantly enhanced power on November 07–09, 2004, and June 21–23, 2015. However, the magnetosonic Mach number showed a noticeable coherence with SYM-H between 64 and 250 minutes on September 06–08, 2017. Although, during March 19–21, 2021, both the Alfven Mach number and magnetosonic Mach number showed a noticeable coherence with SYM-H, plasma beta showed none. These parameters can be used in the prediction of geomagnetic storms of the category above G3.

Review Article

Application of Hierarchical/Multilevel Models and Quality of Reporting (2010–2020): A Systematic Review

Introduction. Multilevel models have gained immense popularity across almost every discipline due to the presence of hierarchy in most data and phenomena. In this paper, we present a systematic review on the adoption and application of multilevel models and the important information reported on the results generated from the use of these models. Methods. The review was performed by searching Google Scholar for original research articles on the application of multilevel models published between 2010 and 2020. The search strategy involved topics such as “multilevel models,” “hierarchical linear models,” and “mixed models with hierarchy.” The search placed more emphasis on the application of hierarchical models in any discipline but excluded software methodological development and related articles. Results. A total of 121 articles were initially obtained from the search results. However, 65 articles met the inclusion criteria for the review. Out of the 65 articles reviewed, 46.2% were related to health/epidemiology, 15.4% to education and psychology, and 16.9% to social life. The majority of the articles (78.5%) were two-level models, and most of these studies modelled univariate responses. However, the few that modelled more than one response modelled them separately. Moreover, 83.1% were cross-sectional design, and 9.2% and 6.2% were longitudinal and repeated measures, respectively. Moreover, a little over half (55.4%) of articles reported on the intraclass correlation measure, and all articles indicated the response variable distribution where most (47.7%) were normally distributed. Only 58.5% of articles reported on the estimation methods used as Bayesian (20%) and MLE (18.5%). Again, model validation measures and statistical software were reported in 70.8% and 90.8% articles, respectively. Conclusion. There is an increase in the utilization of multilevel modelling in the last decade, which could be attributed to the presence of clustered and hierarchically correlated data structures. There is a need for improvement in the area of measurement and reporting on the intraclass correlation, parameter estimation, and variable selection measures to further improve the quality of the application of multilevel models. The integration of spatial effects into multilevel models is very limited and needs to be explored in the future.

Research Article

AA5052-PVC-AA5052 (Al-PVC-Al) Sandwich Sheets Forming Analysis through In-Plane Plane Stretching Tests

Sheet metal forming is one of the key processes for the automotive sector to be considered. Sheet metal formability is being tested as received, joining them with different welding/joining processes (i.e., tailored blanks) and making them as sandwich forms to reduce the total weight of the body. These sandwich formations of sheets are an advanced method by incorporating PVC/polymer sheets in between metal sheets with a suitable binder. The present work has investigated the formability of AA5052-PVC-AA5052 (Al-PVC-Al) sandwich sheets by considering the sheet rolling direction as a parameter. The mechanical properties of base metal and sandwich sheets were evaluated by conducting the uniaxial tensile tests. For forming behaviour of Al-PVC-Al sandwich sheets, in-plane plane stretching tests were performed on the universal tensile testing machine. From the results, it has been observed that 0-degree and 90-degree rolling direction of AA5052 sheets provided almost similar forming behaviour where the 45-degree rolling direction showed less formability. The limit strains (by which the forming limit curve has been developed and the safe and failure zones are separated) are 0.043, 0.038, and 0.043 of 0°, 45°, and 90°, respectively. Considering 0°-P-90°, 90°-P-90, 0°-P-45°, 0°-P-90°, and 45°-P-45° sandwich sheets with their corresponding limit strains of 0.060, 0.058,0.057, 0.052, and 0.050, a better formability is seen in 0°-P-90° sandwich, followed by 90°-P-90, 0°-P-45°, 0°-P-90°, and 45°-P-45°. The improvement in the formability is calculated as 28.33%, 25.86%, and 24.0% in comparison with the base metal in 0-degree, 90-degree, and 45-degree rolling directions and 0°-P-90°, 90°-P-90, and 45°-P-45° sandwich sheets.

The Scientific World Journal
 Journal metrics
See full report
Acceptance rate15%
Submission to final decision115 days
Acceptance to publication14 days
CiteScore3.900
Journal Citation Indicator-
Impact Factor-
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