longheld hypothesi neurosci hold learn memori mechan involv last chang synapt weight multipl mechan produc chang exist which nmdareceptor depend longterm potenti ltp most wide studi curious relat simpl hypothesi ltp play role learn memori has proven difficult test current experiment strategi generat genet alter mice mutat gene thought involv ltp assess effect mutat both ltp anim behavior 12 difficulti associ approach has been tempor spatial refin allevi problem isabell mansuy colleagu use induc revers transgen express system which transgen express could control weektoweek timescal assess effect genet reduct activ protein phosphatas known calcineurin pp2b adult mous forebrain 34

Carl Weitlauf

Danny Winder

Calcineurin, Synaptic Plasticity, and Memory

the effici organ actin cytoskeleton import mani cellular function howev how local actin organ regul cell well understood use yeast mutant defect actin organ secret demonstr exocytosi play role spatial regul actin organ our find suggest actin cytoskeleton exocytosi perhap endocytosi may depend each other effici reinforc each other

Xiang-Dong Gao

Stefan Albert

A Role for Exocytosis in the Spatial Regulationof Actin Organization

more than one million american have type 1 diabet this diseas also known autoimmun juvenil diabet strike children sudden make them depend insulin inject life carri constant threat devast complic while can doe strike adult near half all new case diagnos children child diagnos type 1 diabet everi hour type 1 diabet caus inabl person pancrea produc suffici amount insulin control blood sugar level sustain life while insulin inject allow affect individu control blood sugar stay aliv cure nor doe prevent devast complic diseas which includ kidney failur blind amput heart attack stroke type 1 diabet bodi own immun system goe awri attack destroy insulinproduc cell pancrea

Luc Van Kaer

Drugs from the Sea: A Marine Sponge-Derived Compound Prevents Type 1 Diabetes

angina prototyp vasoocclus pain radiat chest pain occur when heart muscl get insuffici blood becaus coronari arteri diseas other exampl vasoocclus pain includ acut pain heart attack intermitt pain accompani sickl cell anemia peripher arteri diseas all condit caus ischemia insuffici oxygen deliveri local metabol demand releas lactic acid cell switch anaerob metabol recent discoveri demonstr sensori neuron innerv heart rich endow ion channel open perfect tune lactic acid releas muscl ischemia 12

D.C. Immke

E.W. McCleskey

ASIC3: A Lactic Acid Sensor for Cardiac Pain

first line defens against major infect primari site transmiss mucos surfac oral caviti genitourinari gastrointestin respiratori tract repres most suitabl site deliv protect agent prevent infecti diseas mucos protect import onli life threaten diseas also opportunist infect which current repres serious burden term morbid mortal cost cure candida albican among most preval caus mucos infect onli immuno compromis patient hivinfect subject who frequent affect oral esophag candidiasi also otherwis healthi individu case acut vagin unfortun current strategi mucos protect against candidiasi sever limit lack effect vaccin relat pauciti toxic commerci avail antifung drug addit option has been report recent

Luciano Polonelli

Transgenic Killer Commensal Bacteria as Mucosal Protectants

substanti increas proport death disabl elsewher attribut diseas associ insulin resist decreas insulin sensit besid type diabet other diseas like obes hypertens atherosclerosi hyperlipidaemia polycyst ovarian syndrom acromegali inde associ insulin resist 1

Stephane Schurmans

The Insulin-Sensitive Side of SHIP2

sever speci frog toad serious declin sierra nevada mountain california these speci includ threaten redleg frog rana aurora foothil yellowleg frog boylii mountain yellowleg frog muscosa cascad frog rana cascada western toad bufo borea yosemit toad canorus for mani speci current distribut down 10 histor rang 12 sever factor includ introduc predat 345 habitat loss 2 ultraviolet radiat 6 have been suggest caus declin another probabl caus airborn pesticid from central valley california the central valley especi san joaquin valley major agricultur region where million pound activ ingredi pesticid appli each year http wwwcdprcagov dprdatabasehtm prevail wester wind from pacif coast transport pesticid sierra 78

Donald W. Sparling

Gary Fellers

Laura McConnell

Pesticides Are Involved With Population Declines of Amphibians in the California Sierra Nevadas

known what caus type 1 diabet t1d which affect over 1 million peopl alon each year 30000 young peopl develop diseas depend insulin inject thereaft becaus huge cost individu famili societi increas health care cost import find what make peopl suscept the diseas process itself clear individu immun system lymphocyt particular attack destroy bodi insulinproduc cell but how whi autoimmun process start proceed unregul still known

Grant Morahan

Identification of a T1D Susceptibility Gene

malaria remain one most import infecti diseas world today infect 300 500 million peopl year result 1 2 million death primarili young african children 1 the most sever form diseas caus infect mosquito born protozoan parasit plasmodium falciparum this parasit live invad multipli within red blood cell it host caus diseas through anemia result from red cell destruct also through modif made surfac infect red cell these modif make infect cell cytoadher sticki allow them adher wall blood vessel lead obstruct blood flow clinic manifest often fatal syndrom cerebr malaria 2 addit parasit capabl undergo antigen variat process continu chang ident protein surfac infect cell thus avoid immun respons mount host 3 this process promot long term persist infect difficult clear

Kirk W. Deitsch

Gene Silencing and Antigenic Variation in Malaria Parasites

endocrin disrupt chemic edcs includ organochlorin pesticid plastic manufactur byproduct certain herbicid 1 these chemic have been shown disrupt hormon signal expos wildlif lab anim mammalian cell cultur bind estrogen receptor erα erβ affect express estrogen respons gene 23 addition certain plant chemic term phytoestrogen also abl bind estrogen receptor modul gene express also may consid edcs 4 one exampl phytoestrogen action genistein phytochem produc soybean bind estrogen receptor chang express estrogen respons gene which certain studi have link lower incid hormon relat cancer japanes popul 5 whi would plant make compound abl act estrogen human bodi obviousli soybean intent produc phytoestrogen prevent breast cancer japanes women

Jennifer E. Fox

Matthew E. Burow

John A. McLachlan

Symbiotic Gene Activation is Interrupted by Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

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