The law of mass action refers to the product of concentration of reactants, which for a particular
material is a function only of temperature. For non-degenerate semiconductors the law of
mass action is represented by the product <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>C</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>N</mml:mi><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> exp- <mml:math id="E2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>. Through solutions to the quantum Liouville equation, it is determined that the law of mass action is generally invalid.

VLSI Design

Quantum Contributions and Violations of the Classical Law of Mass Action

Abstract

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