Research Article
Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines
Table 5
Biochemical effects following Xylazine-butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine anaesthesia in Spiti ponies ().
| | Parameters (unit) | Before induction (BI) | After induction (AI) | During anaesthesia (DAn) | After recovery (AR) |
| | Sodium (mEq/L) | 128.05 ± 11.70 | 122.80 ± 11.16 | 113.93 ± 5.32 | 109.80 ± 5.72 | | Potassium (mEq/L) | 4.17 ± 0.39 | 3.93 ± 0.29 | 4.12 ± 0.69 | 3.29 ± 0.31 | | Chloride (mEq/L) | 79.15 ± 12.44 | 81.30 ± 7.50 | 84.39 ± 9.47 | 77.41 ± 5.43 | | Glucose (mg/dL) | 75.50 ± 11.03 | 119.17 ± 14.77 | 125.66 ± 13.66 | 120.83 ± 13.42 | | Total proteins (g/dL) | 8.60 ± 0.49 | 10.60 ± 0.49 | 10.83 ± 0.61 | 10.36 ± 1.06 | | AST (U/L) | 241.00 ± 29.24 | 200.33 ± 25.39 | 176.83 ± 29.37 | 169.16 ± 29.78 | | ALT (U/L) | 13.60 ± 0.63 | 18.92** ± 0.60 | 18.44** ± 0.62 | 13.18 ± 0.71 | | ALKP(U/L) | 123.00 ± 4.12 | 138.00* ± 3.54 | 111.17 ± 2.48 | 118.50 ± 3.56 | | BUN (mg/dL) | 25.70 ± 2.97 | 24.33 ± 2.18 | 23.28 ± 1.66 | 22.05 ± 1.98 | | Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.81 ± 0.05 | 0.74 ± 0.05 | 0.78 ± 0.06 | 0.84 ± 0.14 |
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