Bovine Tuberculosis in Cattle in the Highlands of Cameroon: Seroprevalence Estimates and Rates of Tuberculin Skin Test Reactors at Modified Cut-Offs

Table 4

Prevalence of SICCT reactors in 1,381 cattle tested in the year 2010 at modified cutoff points and SIT reactors in the highlands of Cameroon.

Variable	No animals tested	SICCT-BT reactors % (95% CI)			SICCT-AT reactors*; %(SE)	SIT-BT reactors; %(95% CI)	SIT-AT reactors*; %(SE)
		≥4 mm	≥3 mm	≥2 mm	≥4 mm	≥4 mm	≥4 mm
All animals	1,381	7.41 (6.02–8.79)	13.25 (11.47–15.04)	17.26 (15.36–19.25)	0.65±0.42	18.35 (14.35–22.35)	7.46±1.39
Agroecological location
ADP	363	0.43^a (0–1.11)	0.40^a (0–1.04)	0.79^a (0–1.70)	0.55±0.76	0.59^a (0–2.13)	0.83±0.93
WHC	1,018	9.89^b (8.06–11.72)	17.84^b (15.49–20.19)	23.13^b (20.54–25.72)	0.69±0.51	24.68^b (19.49–29.88)	9.82±1.83
Breed
Upgraded/Exotic	764	10.87^a (8.66–13.08)	16.12^a (13.52–18.73)	21.07^a (18.18–23.96)	0.79±0.63	24.03^a (18.09–29.96)	11.39±2.25
Guadal	492	0.31 (0–0.79)	0.28 (0–0.75)	0.57 (0–1.24)	0.41±0.56	0.40 (0–1.50)	0.61±0.69
Namchi	31	0	0	0	0	0	0
Red Bororo	94	18.84^a (10.94–26.75)	62.22^b (52.42–72.02)	79.29^b (71.10–87.49)	1.06±2.07	72.28^b (54.54–90.01)	13.83±6.98
White Fulani
Sex and Age
Female	1,107	8.29^a (6.66–9.91)	13.90^a (11.87–15.94)	17.69 (15.44–19.94)	0.63±0.47	19.73^a (15.14–24.33)	8.49±1.64
Male	274	3.83^b (1.56–6.11)	10.62^a (6.98–14.28)	15.51 (11.22–19.79)	0.73±1.01	12.77^a (5.02–20.51)	3.28±2.11
Age ≤ 4 years	716	4.41^c (2.91–5.91)	9.71^b (7.55–11.88)	12.50^a (10.07–14.92)	0.28±0.39	11.93^b (7.28–16.59)	4.05±1.44
Age > 4 years	665	10.63^d (8.29–12.97)	17.07^c (14.21–19.92)	22.38^b (19.22–25.55)	1.05±0.78	25.26^c (18.79–31.73)	11.13±2.39
Management system
Extensive	488	0.31 (0–0.80)	0.28 (0–0.75)	0.58 (0–1.25)	0	0.41 (0–1.51)	0.20±0.40
Intensive/Zero grazing	552	8.95^a (6.57–11.34)	12.03^a (9.31–14.74)	16.50^a (13.40–19.59)	1.09±0.87	20.74^a (14.11–27.36)	10.87±2.60
Semi-intensive	341	15.05^b (11.26–18.85)	33.89^b (28.78–38.83)	42.36^b (37.11–47.60)	0.88±0.99	40.17^b (29.97–50.37)	12.32±3.49
Beef herds	692	7.39^c (5.44–9.34)	16.40^c (13.64–19.16)	20.63^c (17.61–23.64)	0.43±0.49	18.97^c (13.25–24.70)	5.49±1.70
Dairy herds	689	15.15^d (12.48–17.83)	10.10^d (7.85–12.35)	13.87^d (11.29–16.45)	0.87±0.69	17.73^c (12.14–23.32)	9.43±2.18
Herd size (No animals per herd)
≤40 animals	713	9.41^a (7.27–11.55)	12.72^a (10.27–15.17)	16.38^a (13.67–19.11)	1.12±0.77	19.14^a (13.48–24.81)	9.96±2.20
>40 animals	668	5.26^b (3.57–6.96)	13.82^a (11.21–16.44)	18.18^a (15.26–21.11)	0.15±0.29	17.50^a (11.86–23.15)	4.79±1.62

^{a, b, c, d}Label in a category with the different letters in a column are significantly different (𝑃<0.05).
*Observed prevalence.
ADP: Adamawa plateaux of Cameroon.
WHC: Western highlands of Cameroon.
SICCT-BT: Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin skin test for the diagnosis of bovine TB.
SIT-BT: Single Intradermal Tuberculin skin test for the diagnosis of bovine TB.