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Event behaviour | Description |
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Allogroom (AG X) x is the animal | Licks the fur of a conspecific |
Allogroomed (AGD b X) | Has the fur licked by a conspecific |
Bare teeth (BAT X a) a for active | Animal opens its mouth and pulls the lips back, exposing its teeth |
Receiving bare teeth (BAT X p) p for passive | Is on the receiving end of bared teeth |
Bite (BT X) | Mouth closes on object or conspecific |
Bitten (BT b X) | Is bitten by conspecific |
Belly up (B UP) | Animal lies on its back with throat and belly exposed to the opponent |
Belly up defensive posture (B UP DP) | Animal lies on its back with bared teeth, all four paws up with claws unsheathed |
Chase (CH X) | Runs after conspecific or other being/object |
Chased (CHD b X) | Pursued by conspecific |
Climb up (CU) | Ascends an object or structure |
Climb down (CD) | Descends an object or structure |
Defensive open mouth (DOM X) | Mouth wide open in defensive stance |
Drink (DR) | Lapps up water and swallows |
Defecate (DF) | Relieves colon, releases faeces |
Eat (EAT) | Ingests food by chewing and swallowing |
Eat grass (EAG) | Ingest grass by chewing |
Stretching (STR) | Extend all body and forelegs forward and put the back and tail up |
Fight (F X) | Assaults conspecific |
Assaulted (ASS b X) | Is assaulted by conspecific |
Jump on (JM) | Attack suddenly and forcefully jump on the back of conspecific |
Paw (PW) | Strike with the paw someone else |
Flehmen (FH) | Sniffs, then lift head with open mouth, breath in, eyes almost closed and upper lip curled |
Head butt (HB X) | Briefly pushes/bumps its head against a conspecific’s head |
Head butted (HB b X) | Has is head briefly bumped by a conspecific’s head |
Scratch (SRT) | Damage and mark the surface of by scraping with nails |
Lick object (LO) | Protrudes tongue from the mouth and strokes object with it |
Lick lips (LL) | Protrudes tongue from the mount and lick lips |
Pace (PC) | Repetitive locomotion in a fixed pattern |
Head shake (HSH) | Repetitive move of the head with short and quick movements |
Circling (CIR) | Repetitive locomotion in a circle around |
Twitch (TW) | Moving with a sudden, quick and short movements as reaction to something/someone |
Move backwards (MB b X) | Moving backwards with ears backwards and head down as reaction to someone |
Play object (PLO) | Interacts with objects |
Play with conspecific (PL X a) | Initiates interaction with conspecific in a nonharmful manner (chasing, jumping, wrestling, etc.) and gets no response |
Play with conspecific and is reciprocated (PL X) | Initiates interaction with conspecific in a nonharmful manner (chasing, jumping, wrestling, etc.) and gets some response |
Played by conspecific (PL X p) | Passive receiver of conspecific play |
Roll (RO) | Lying on the ground, the animal rotates its body from side to side; during the roll, the back is rubbed against ground, the belly is exposed and all paws are in the air |
Rub–Body (RB) | Rubs body on conspecific or object |
Rub–Head (RH) | Rubs head on conspecific or object |
Rubbed (RBD) | Rubbed by a conspecific |
Self-groom (SG) | Licks own fur |
Sniff (SNF) | Smells by inhaling air through the nose |
Spray (SP) | Stands with tail raised vertically and releases a jet of urine backwards against a vertical surface or object. |
Stalk (STL) | Usually slow, forward locomotion with back and head slightly lowered and eyes focused on the stalked individual/object |
Stare (STR) | Looks fixedly to something/someone |
Tail up (TU) | Tail is held vertically, in a upright position |
Tail slash (TS) | Standing or moving with tail bent over body, slashing |
Tail tip (TT) | Prolonged, repeated movement of tip of the tail |
Tail twitch (T TW) | A rapid flick of the tail in either a side to side or up to down motion |
Urinate (U) | Releases urine, standing or squatting |
Vocalization | Produces sounds or calls with is mouth/throat |
Vocalization–chuff (CHF) | Cat expels jets of air through the nose creating a low-intensity, soft, pulsed sound, described as being similar to the snorting of a horse |
Vocalization–grunt/cough (GRT) | Short, throaty call, characterized by the deep contraction and expansion of the diaphragm |
Vocalization–growl (GRL) | A low-pitched, throaty, rumbling noise produced while the mouth is closed |
Vocalization–hiss (HS) | A drawn-out, low-intensity hissing sound produced by rapid expulsion of air from the cat’s mouth, usually during exhalation |
Vocalization–roar (RO) | Long, throaty, high intensity call |
Vocalization–syndetic call (SC) | Amiable call with the purpose of gather or appease conspecifics |
Walk (WK) | Forward locomotion at a slow gait |
Run (RU) | Forward locomotion at a quick gait |
Warning bite (W BT X) | Snap teeth in response to an unwelcomed closing individual |
Yawn (YN) | The mouth is opened widely, the head tips back, lips are pulled back so that the teeth are exposed |
Look around (LOA) | Turn one’s eyes toward something or in some direction in order to see |
Crouch (CR) | Bend close to the ground or stoop low for lay down |
Crouch for other lion (CR X) | Stoop low and lays down on the sternum with ears backwards, head down or open mouth for submit to someone |
Dive in (DIN) | Plunge into water and stay in the water |
Breeding behaviours | |
Mount (MT) | Moves on top of conspecific in the attempt to copulate |
Nape bite (N BT) | The male performs an inhibited nape bite, where he will place his mouth on or around the back of the female’s neck at the moment of, or just after, ejaculation, but is unlikely to actually bite down |
Being mounted (BM) | Is mounted by other lion |
Sniff anogenital (SNA) | Smells the anogenital region of conspecific |
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