Research Article
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Rift Valley Fever in Domestic Small Ruminants in the North Region of Cameroon
Table 1
Seroprevalence of RVFV-specific IgG antibodies in small ruminants in the North region of Cameroon stratified by potential risk factors.
| | Risk Factor | Variables | Sheep | Goats | Total animals | Odds ratio | | Examined (Positive) | Prevalence (95% CI) | Examined (Positive) | Prevalence (95% CI) | Examined (Positive) | Prevalence IgM & IgG (%) (95% CI) | OR | 95% CI | -value |
| | Division | Bénoué | 251 (14) | 5.6 (3.2–9.4) | 179 (8) | 4.5 (2.1–9) | 430 (22) | 5.1 | 3.3– 7.7 | 6.956 | 0.929–52.110 | 0.059 | | Faro | 30 (0) | 0 | 90 (0) | 0 | 120 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Mayo Rey | 44 (1) | 2.3 (0.1–13.5) | 86 (0) | 0 | 130 (1) | 0.8 | 0–4.9 | / | / | |
| | Localities | Bocklé | 59 (3) | 5.1 (1.3–15.1) | 38 (1) | 2.6 (0.1–15.4) | 97 (4) | 4.1 | 1.3–10.8 | 5.548 | 0.610–50.450 | 0.128 | | Dembo | 22 (0) | 0 | 28 (1) | 3.6 (0.2–20.3) | 50 (1) | 2.0 | 0.1–12 | 2.633 | 0.161–42.916 | 0.497 | | Garoua | 24 (1) | 4.2 (0.2–23.2) | 4 (0) | 0 | 28 (1) | 3.6 | 0.2–20.3 | 4.778 | 0.290–78.779 | 0.274 | | Kismatari | 21 (3) | 14.3 (3.8–37.4) | 9 (0) | 0 | 30 (3) | 10.0 | 2.6–27.7 | 14.333 | 1.436–143.088 | 0.023 | | Lagdo | 95 (4) | 4.2 (1.4–11) | 81 (5) | 6.2 (2.3–14.5) | 176 (9) | 5.1 | 2.5– 9.8 | 6.952 | 0.870–55.577 | 0.068 | | Pitoa | 30 (3) | 10 (2.6–27.7) | 19 (1) | 5.3 (0.328.2) | 49 (4) | 8.2 | 2.7–20.5 | 11.467 | 1.249–105.306 | 0.031 | | Poli | 30 (0) | 0 | 90 (0) | 0 | 120 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | Touboro | 44 (1) | 2.3 (0.1–13.5) | 86 (0) | 0 | 130 (1) | 0.8 | 0–4.9 | / | / | / |
| | Season | Dry | 212 (13) | 6.1 (3.4–10.5) | 138 (6) | 4.3 (1.7–9.6) | 350 (19) | 5.4 | 3.4–8.5 | / | / | / | | Rainy | 113 (2) | 1.8 (0.3–6.9) | 217 (2) | 0.9 (0.2–3.6) | 330 (4) | 1.2 | 0.4–3.3 | 0.938 | 0.406–2.170 | 0.881 |
| | Access to water bodies | Yes | 166 (13) | 7.8 (4.4–13.3) | 90 (5) | 5.6 (2.1–13.1) | 256 (18) | 7 | 4.3–11 | / | / | / | | | No | 159 (2) | 1.3 (0.2–5) | 265 (3) | 1.1 (0.3–3.5) | 424 (5) | 1.2 | 0.4–2.9 | 0.158 | 0.058–0.430 | <0.0001 |
| | Species | Sheep | 325 (15) | 4.6 (2.7–7.6) | / | / | 325 (15) | 4.6 | 2.7–7.6 | / | / | / | | | Goats | / | / | 355 (8) | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) | 355 (8) | 2.3 | 1.1–4.6 | 0.476 | 0.199–1.139 | 0.096 |
| | Age (months) | ≤12 | 127 (5) | 3.9 (1.4–9.4) | 148(0) | 0 | 275 (5) | 1.8 | 0.7–4.4 | 0.157 | 0.053–0.462 | 0.001 | | 12–36 | 131 (3) | 2.3 (0.6–7.1) | 170 (4) | 2.4 (0.8–6.4) | 301 (7) | 2.3 | 1–4.9 | 0.201 | 0.076–0.534 | 0.001 | | ≥36 | 67 (7) | 10.4 (4.6–20.9) | 37 (4) | 10.8 (3.5–26.3) | 104 (11) | 10.6 | 5.7–18.6 | / | / | / |
| | Sex | Male | 87 (1) | 1.1 (0.1–7.1) | 103 (1) | 1.0 (0.3–3.1) | 190 (2) | 1.1 | 0.2–4.2 | / | / | / | | | Female | 238 (14) | 5.9 (3.4–9.9) | 252 (7) | 2.8 (1.2–5.9) | 490 (21) | 4.3 | 2.7–6.6 | 4.209 | 0.977–18.128 | 0.054 |
| | Total | | 325 (15) | 4.6 (2.7–7.6) | 355 (8) | 2.3 (1.1–4.6) | 680 (23) | 3.4 | 2.2–5.1 | / | / | / | |
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/: Modality considered as reference while performing logistic regression.
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