Comparison of Tick Control and Antibiotic Use Practices at Farm Level in Regions of High and Low Acaricide Resistance in Uganda

Table 2

Tick control practices in the two study sites.

Variable	Category	Frequency (%)
		HARA	LARA
Presence of ticks on the cattle	Yes	10 (100)	8 (80)
	No	0	2 (20)
Presence of acaricide failure challenge on the farm	Yes	10 (100)	0
	No	0	10 (100)
Methods used to control ticks	Use of acaricides	10 (100)	10 (100)
	Herbs	0	0
Whether ticks die after spraying/dipping or not.	Yes	3 (30)	10 (100)
	No	7 (70)	0
Estimate of response rate of ticks to acaricides by farmers	25%	1 (10)	0
	50%	5 (50)	0
	75%	4 (40)	0
	100%	0	10 (100)
Increase in incidence of TBD following acaricide failure	Yes	10 (100)	1 (10)
	No	0	9 (90)
Tick-borne diseases commonly treated on the farm	ECF	4 (40)	10 (100)
	Coinfections of TBDs	6 (60)	0
Estimated number of cases treated per month following acaricide failure	1–2	3 (30)	1 (10)
	3–5	6 (60)	0
	Above 5	1 (10)	0
	Not applicable	0	9 (90)
Common drugs used to treat the tick-borne diseases	Antibiotics	0	7 (70)
	Antibiotics and diminazene aceturate	0	3 (30)
	Antibiotics and buparvaquones	10 (100)	0
Any increase in frequency of cattle treatment with antibiotics following acaricide failure	Yes	5 (50)	0
	No	5 (50)	0
	Not applicable	0	10 (100)
Prophylactic use of antibiotics on farms	Yes	3 (30)	8 (80)
	No	7 (70)	2 (20)
Commonly used antibiotic for prophylactic purposes in cattle	Oxytetracycline	3 (30)	10 (100)
	Not applicable	7 (70)	0

N = 10 for both HARA and LARA.