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| NOMA scheme | Key technical point | Main advantage |
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| IDMA | Low coding rate | Low rate FEC code | Bit-level Interleaving | Randomized the mutual interference |
| IGMA | Low rate FEC code or moderate one with repetition | Bit-level Interleaving (permutation matrix) | Sparse grid Mapping |
| LSSA | Low rate FEC code or moderate one with repetition | User-specific bit-level interleaving/permutation pattern | Large number of signatures |
| LCRS | Low rate FEC code and repetition | Bit-level spreading | Large coding gain |
|
| SCMA | Short low density spreading | Multidimensional modulation | Signal space diversity gain |
| PDMA | Irregular LDS | Irregular protection |
| LDS-SVE | LDS & User signature vector extension (SVE) | Higher diversity |
|
| MUSA | Short dense spreading (low cross-correlation sequence) | Short complex spreading sequence | Easy to generate & Large number |
| NCMA | NCC obtained by Grassmannian line packing problem | Optimal nonorthogonal sequence |
| NOCA | Zadoff-Chu sequence | Easy to generate, low PAPR |
| SSMA | Orthogonal or quasi-orthogonal codes | |
|
| GOCA | Long spreading/scrambling sequence | Group-based orthogonal/nonorthogonal sequences | Inter-group orthogonality |
| RDMA | Cyclic shift based time-frequency repetition | Easy implementation |
| RSMA | Low cross-correlation Sequence scrambling | Fit for asynchronized scenario |
|
| RSMA(single tone) | Single carrier (similar to CDMA), low PAPR modulation | Extended coverage and low PAPR for uplink |
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