Past Results, Present Trends, and Future Challenges in Intrabody Communication

Table 4

Summary of the main modeling approaches reported in the IBC literature.

Electric circuit body channel models
Authors	Ref.	Year	Coupling	Parameter	Impedances	Frequency
Zimmerman	[7]	1995	Capacitive	Lumped	8	100–500 kHz
Partridge et al.	[32]	2001	Capacitive	Lumped	19	-
Hachisuka et al.	[33]	2006	Capacitive/galvanic	Lumped	6	1 kHz–1 MHz
Wegmueller et al.	[34]	2007	Galvanic	Lumped	16	1 kHz–1 MHz
Cho et al.	[35]	2007	Capacitive	Distributed	-	100 kHz–150 MHz
Wegmueller et al.	[24]	2010	Galvanic	Lumped	10	10 kHz–1 MHz
Song et al.	[36]	2011	Galvanic	Lumped	12	100 kHz–5 MHz
Callejón et al.	[37]	2012	Capacitive/galvanic	Distributed	-	0-1 GHz
Kibret et al.	[38]	2014	Galvanic	Lumped	14	200 kHz–10 MHz
Swaminathan et al.	[39]	2015	Galvanic	Lumped	41	100 kHz–1 MHz
Wang et al.	[40]	2016	Capacitive	Distributed	-	0–100 MHz
Electromagnetic models
Authors	Ref.	Year	Coupling	Method	Geometry	Frequency
Fujii et al.	[41]	2003	Capacitive/galvanic	FDTD	3D rectangular	10 MHz
Fujii et al.	[42]	2007	Capacitive/galvanic	FDTD	Whole human body	10 MHz
Wegmueller et al.	[34]	2007	Galvanic	FEM	3D cylindrical	10 kHz–1 MHz
Hwang et al.	[43]	2008	Capacitive/galvanic	-	3D rectangular	10–50 MHz
Lučev et al.	[44]	2010	Capacitive	FEM	3D cylindrical	100 kHz, 1 MHz, 10 MHz
Xu et al.	[19]	2011	Capacitive	FEM	3D rectangular, cylindrical	180 MHz
Gao et al.	[45]	2012	Galvanic	Theoretical EM (Laplace equation)	3D cylindrical	1 kHz–1 MHz
Song et al.	[46]	2012	Galvanic	FEM	3D cylindrical	10 kHz–5 MHz
Bae et al.	[17]	2012	Capacitive	Theoretical EM (Norton surface wave)	1D plane	100 kHz–100 MHz
Haga et al.	[47]	2013	Capacitive/galvanic	Theoretical EM (boundary condition)	-	0–100 MHz
Callejón et al.	[9]	2014	Galvanic	FEM	3D cylindrical	1 kHz–100 MHz
Bae and Yoo	[48]	2015	Capacitive/galvanic	Theoretical EM (Norton surface wave)	1D plane	100 kHz–100 MHz
Teshome et al.	[49]	2016	Galvanic	Theoretical EM (Lams function)	Ellipsoidal	13.67 MHz
Park et al.	[50]	2017	Capacitive	Hybrid (FEM and electric circuit analysis)	Human forearm	10–150 MHz
Phantom models
Authors	Ref.	Year	Coupling	Substance	Geometry	Frequency
Fujii et al.	[42]	2007	Capacitive/galvanic	Solid	3D rectangular	10 MHz
Wegmueller et al.	[51]	2009	galvanic	MSL27 liquid	Ellipsoidal	27 MHz
Gao et al.	[45]	2012	galvanic	Water, agar	3D cylindrical	30 kHz
Callejón et al.	[52]	2015	galvanic	Electronic circuit	-	10 kHz–1 MHz
Teshome et al.	[49]	2016	galvanic	Water, glycine, NaCl	3D rectangular	13.67 MHz