Intelligent On-Demand Connectivity Restoration for Wireless Sensor Networks

Figure 2

Node failure detection and recovery in IDCRWSN: (a) node 5 failure; (b) node 1 offering recovery by increasing its transmission range; (c) recovery node running out of energy; (d) master keeper directs slave keeper to recover node 5 and node 1 failure; (e) replacement of failed nodes 5 and 1 by their redundant nodes.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)