Energy Harvesting and Information Transmission Mode Design for Cooperative EH-Abled IoT Applications in beyond 5G Networks

Algorithm 1

Throughput optimization process based on QWOA.

(1)	Input system parameters of CEH-IoT-SS, the fitness function;
(2)	Initialize the initial population of H quantum whales;
(3)	// the first iteration;
(4)	Measure each quantum whale to the definition domain according to (24) and (25);
(5)	Compute fitness of each quantum whale in accordance with the fitness function and find out the global optimal quantum whale ;
(6)	while
(7)	Calculate the coefficient vector of each quantum whale
(8)	if and
(9)	Update the quantum whale through (27) and (28)
(10)	else if and
(11)	Update the quantum whale through (29) and (28)
(12)	else
(13)	Update the quantum whale through (30) and (31)
(14)	end if
(15)	end if
(16)	Measure each quantum whale and compute the fitness according to the fitness function;
(17)	Update the quantum whale and the global optimal quantum whale according to the fitness;
(18)	Set ;
(19)	end while
(20)	According to the global optimal quantum whale, obtain the power splitting ratio, dynamic EH ratio, power sharing ratio, and relay selection scheme after iterations;
(21)	Output: Power splitting ratio, dynamic EH ratio, power sharing ratio, and relay selection scheme.