Factor Analysis about Indonesian Students’ Motivations to Study in China Based on Push-Pull Theory

Table 1

Main sources of push-pull model variables.

Motivation	Variables	Sources
Push factors	Escape from live and work	Ross and Iso-Ahola, 1991 [11]
	Physical and mental heath	Hallab, 2006 [12]
	New experience and knowledge	Fodness, 1994 [13]; Lee and Crompton, 1992 [14]
	Prestige	Dann, 1997 [10]; Iso-Ahola, 1982 [15]
	Novelty	Wang De-gen, 2004 [16]
	Leisure	Crompton, 1979 [17]; Goossens, 2000 [18]
	Socialization and emotional communication	Phau et al., 2013 [19]
Pull factors	City image	Turnbull and Uyal, 1995 [20]
	Historical culture and custom	Zhang and Lam, 1999 [9]; Chen and Chen, 2011 [21]
	Natural scenery	Fakeye and Cromptom, 1991 [22]; Kozak, 2002 [23]
	Hospitality and local foods	Fakeye and Cromptom, 1991 [22]
	Entertainments and shopping	Wang Yingchuan and Lo You, 2015 [24]
	Transportation and accommodation	Fakeye and Cromptom, 1991 [22]
	Marketing image	Azman and Chan, 2010 [25]
	Tourist spots, infrastructure, activities, and climate	Phau et al., 2013 [19]; Prayag, 2012 [26]