A Physical-Layer UHF RFID Tag Collision Resolution Based on Miller Code

<table class="table-group" id="tab1"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr class="thead"><td class="align_left">Parameter</td><td class="align_center">Description</td></tr><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Envelope detection</td><td class="align_center"><svg height="8.8423pt" id="M65" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 44.4479 8.8423" width="44.4479pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M610 18C585 26 567 34 540 68C517 97 499 128 476 171C452 215 425 276 413 304C496 332 570 394 570 494C570 555 545 595 509 619S419 650 364 650H139L133 622C216 615 219 612 203 527L129 132C112 40 105 36 23 28L17 0H279L285 28C199 34 194 40 211 132L239 284H284C320 284 334 275 351 236C374 182 394 140 420 93C459 23 495 -1 592 -8H600L610 18ZM480 485C480 424 449 372 403 342C374 323 338 316 293 316H245L291 562C296 589 301 601 311 608S337 618 358 618C432 618 480 575 480 485Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.151,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,20.467,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.73,0)"><path d="M384 0V27C293 34 287 42 287 114V635C232 613 172 594 109 583V559L157 557C201 555 205 550 205 499V114C205 42 199 34 109 27V0H384Z"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.97,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"></path></g></svg> s (the value is determined by the signal frequency. In applications, we can choose an optimal value after trying multiple values.)</td></tr><tr><td class="align_center" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Low-pass filter cutoff frequency</td><td class="align_center">Mille8PMD uses a fixed cutoff frequency of 16 kHz. (The choice of 16 kHz is from the simulation results of Figures <a href="../fig8/">8</a> and <a href="../fig9/">9</a>. From the figures, Miller8PMD has a smaller BER at 16 kHz.); Mille4PMD uses a dynamic cutoff frequency; when the signal-to-noise ratio is -10, -8, -6, -4, -2, 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 dB, the cutoff frequencies are 15, 15, 14, 20, 19, 16, 21, 26, 46, and 19 kHz, respectively, seen in subsection Dynamic Cutoff Frequency for details</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

<div>Parameters of Mille4PMD and Miller8PMD.</div>

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

tab1

Table 1

Table 1: A Physical-Layer UHF RFID Tag Collision Resolution Based on Miller Code 