Research Trends and Performance of IIoT Communication Network-Architectural Layers of Petrochemical Industry 4.0 for Coping with Circular Economy

Table 3

The definition of PI_4.0-CNs/ALs.

PI4.0-CNs/ALs
IoT	It is a digital intelligence device enabling mechanical machines, computing devices, and humans to unite with each other. Information is transferred via IoT devices across the business societies.
CPS	It integrates computational algorithms with physical elements, i.e., robot and CNC of production system. CPS is a consistent synergy between hardware and software towards driving the efficient production systems.
VR	It demonstrates the practical experiments before commencing work in reality. VR passes the investigators through a phenomenon before conducting the same phenomenon in reality. ANSIS, CAD, POE, VERSA CAD, KEY-CAD, and AUTO-CAD assist the investigators/designers to realize the production before commencing the same in reality/practically.
I	It is a technique to increase the future business opportunities. It focuses on augmentation of the firm’s capacity at the market, eliminates the transaction costs, and secures multiple vendors or distribution channels for the future.
DO	It deals with evaluation of the most excellent choice under cost and other business parameters. In case of DO, the business parameters are interpreted by simulations, models, decision support systems, and decision-making tools.
ERP	It is a computerized system, focuses on controlling the business operations such as customer orders and tracking, scheduling operations, reviews inventory records, and prepares the financial sheet related to production and marketing.
PC	It deals with storing and retrieving the input and output data via electronic signals for maintaining the production assets for future use.
DA	It deals with interpretation of the input and output digital data by exploring the vector machine algorithm, clustering algorithm, support, linear regression, logistic regression, artificial neural networks, and sensors to enable the production system to work without failures.
N	It interconnects the soft computing and peripheral devices with parent’s identical devices. The cross-functional units of production systems are connected by networking.
IDM	It helps for simulating the data/information for planning, modeling, security control, conducting experiments, data analytics, and quality control purposes. It escalates the data sharing and fosters the information to other departments for use.