Research Article

A Hybrid Deep Neural Network for Electricity Theft Detection Using Intelligent Antenna-Based Smart Meters

Table 2

Summary of related work.

Proposed solutionsPerformance metricsLimitations

EBT [3]Sensitivity, specificity, false-positive rate, and -scoreIncreased computational time
CNN and LSTM [20]-score, area under curve (AUC), precision, and recallNo normalization and parameter tuning
PCA and RE [21]ROC, specificity, and sensitivityPCA only works for linear data
Fuzzy logic [22]Generalized bell curve membership functionIncreased computational time
Fuzzy logic [23]Accuracy, -score, AUCIssues related to renewable sources are not handled
Semisupervised deep neural network (DNN) [25]Precision, true and false-positive rates, recall, and -scoreHigh false-positive rate
LSTM and GMM [26]AUC, MCC, recall, and accuracyData imbalance is not handled
MODWPT and RUSBoost [27]-score, AUC, and precisionOversampling issue is not tackled
Blackhole algorithm [28]Average execution time and convergenceHigh false-positive rate
MIC and CFSFDP [29]-score, precision, and recallLow precision and recall
LSTM [31]Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificityOverfitting is not handled well
LSTM and regression [32]-score, recall, and precisionLow -score