Research Article

Mutigroup-Based Phasmatodea Population Evolution Algorithm with Mutistrategy for IoT Electric Bus Scheduling

Table 6

Optimization results for MPPE, PPSO, PWOA, and MMSCA over CEC 2013.

FunctionMPPEPPSOPWOAMMSCA

f1−1.40E+03−1.40E+03−1.39E + 036.77E + 03
f22.61E + 068.09E+053.71E + 077.42E + 07
f33.62E+086.52E + 081.31E + 102.02E + 10
f4−2.06E + 02−7.43E+024.75E + 042.81E + 04
f5−1.00E+03−1.00E+03−8.88E + 026.56E + 02
f6−8.33E + 02−8.43E+02−7.71E + 02−4.33E + 02
f7−7.20E+02−7.08E + 02−5.93E + 02−6.68E + 02
f8−6.79E+02−6.79E+02−6.79E+02−6.79E+02
f9−5.69E + 02−5.72E+02−5.67E + 02−5.62E + 02
f10−5.00E+02−5.00E+02−3.41E + 027.27E + 02
f11−3.87E+02−1.01E + 02−3.99E + 01−6.81E + 01
f12−2.76E+02−4.21E + 011.90E + 023.62E + 01
f131.29E+021.49E + 022.30E + 021.51E + 02
f149.02E+023.39E + 033.78E + 036.74E + 03
f153.46E+034.22E + 035.69E + 037.21E + 03
f162.01E+022.01E+022.02E + 022.02E + 02
f173.38E+024.81E + 028.25E + 027.39E + 02
f186.23E + 025.61E+027.88E + 028.55E + 02
f195.03E+025.06E + 025.35E + 023.22E + 03
f206.15E + 026.15E + 026.15E + 026.14E+02
f211.09E + 031.03E+031.18E + 032.33E + 03
f222.24E+035.61E + 035.12E + 037.56E + 03
f235.67E+036.22E + 036.53E + 038.58E + 03
f241.28E+031.29E + 031.30E + 031.31E + 03
f251.42E+031.43E + 031.42E+031.42E+03
f261.40E+031.51E + 031.48E + 031.41E + 03
f272.42E + 032.40E+032.66E + 032.62E + 03
f282.52E+033.86E + 035.09E + 033.74E + 03

Bold values represent the best results relative to other comparison methods.