MicroRNAs: New Regulators of Toll-Like Receptor Signalling Pathways

Table 2

Verified targets of miRNAs in TLR-signalling pathway.

Target mRNA	miRNA(s)	Reference
Receptors
TLR4	let-7i, let-7e, miR-223, miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-511	[25, 53, 62, 72, 78, 79]
TLR3	miR-223, miR-26a	[53, 80]
TLR2	miR-105, miR-19a/b, miR-143, miR-146a	[81–84]
Signalling proteins
IRAK1	miR-146a, miR-146b, miR-21	[19, 26, 28, 31, 85]
TRAF6	miR-146a, miR-146b	[19, 26, 79]
IRAK2	miR-146a	[19, 26]
MyD88	miR-146b, miR-155, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-21, miR-149, miR-203	[29, 30, 54, 79, 86–88]
IRAK4	miR-146a, miR-132, miR-212	[51]
TRAF4	miR-29	[89]
FADD	miR-155	[38, 40]
IKKβ	miR-155, miR-199a	[38, 40, 54, 88]
IKKε	miR-155	[38, 40]
TAB2	miR-155	[38, 40]
RIPK1	miR-155	[38, 40]
TIRAP	miR-145	[31]
BTK	miR-348	[69, 90]
IKKα	miR-223	[91]
MKK4	miR-92a	[92]
STING	miR-24	[56]
ISGs	miR-132	[50]
Transcription factors
P38 MAPK	miR-155	[38]
NF-κB1	miR-9, miR-210	[58, 93]
NF-κBp65	miR-329	[94]
STAT3	miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-223	[55, 95]
C/EBPβ	miR-155	[32, 33]
PPARγ	miR-27b	[59]
p300	miR-132	[50]
FOXP3	miR-155	[34]
Ets2	miR-155	[96]
Functional cytokines
IL-8	miR-146a, miR-16	[22, 97]
RANTES	miR-146a	[22]
IFN-α	miR-466l	[98]
IFN-β	let-7b, miR-26a, miR-34a, miR-145	[11, 99]
TNF	miR-125b, miR-187, miR-16, miR-221, miR-579, miR-369-3, miR-155	[40, 42, 67, 97, 100–102]
IL-6	miR-16, miR-365, miR-142-3p, miR-187	[11, 73, 103, 104]
IL-10	miR-106a, miR-106b, miR-466l	[105, 106]
IL-12p35	miR-21	[107–109]
IFN-γ	miR-9, miR-21	[108, 110]
IL-12p40	miR-187, miR-21	[108, 109]
Regulators molecules
ACHE	miR-132	[49]
PDCD4	miR-21	[63, 111, 112]
SHIP1	miR-155	[32, 33, 43–46, 62, 111, 112]
SOCS1	miR-155	[47, 48, 62, 113]
Notch1	miR-146a	[35]
CaMKIIalpha	miR-148a/b, miR-152	[114]
PCAF	miR-181, miR-17/92	[115, 116]
CIS	miR-98, let-7	[75, 117, 118]
SOCS4	miR-98, let-7	[75, 117, 118]
SOCS3	miR-203	[118]
MKP-1	miR-101	[119]

IRAK: IL-1R-associated kinase; TRAF6: TNFR-associated factor 6; MyD88: myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88; FADD: Fas-associated death domain protein; IKK: inhibitor of NF-κB kinase; TAB2: TAK1-binding protein 2; RIPK1: receptor TNFR-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1; TIRAP: TIR domain-containing adaptor protein (also known as MAL, MyD88 adaptor-like protein); BTK: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase; MKK4: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4; STAT3: transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; C/EBPβ: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; RANTES: regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and presumably secreted; FOXP3: forkhead box P3; Ets2: E26 transformation-specific sequence 2; STING: stimulator of interferon genes; ACHE: acetylcholinesterase; PDCD4: programmed cell death 4; SHIP1: Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing inositol-5′-phosphatase 1; SOCS: suppressor of cytokine signalling; CIS: cytokine-inducible Src homology 2; CaMKIIalpha: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II; PCAF: protein-associated factor; MKP-1: MAPK phosphatase-1.