The Antidiabetic Effect of Low Doses of Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Rats

Table 4

Effect of treating diabetic rats with Moringa seeds powder for 4 weeks on kidney functions and serum electrolytes.

Parameters; mg/dL	Statistics	G1; −ve control	G2; +ve control	G3; 50 mg; Moringa	G4; 100 mg; Moringa
Blood urea nitrogen; mg/dL	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 4.479	23.83 ± 1.13^a	68.33 ± 1.40^d	52.50 ± 1.60^b	34.16 ± 1.04^c
	-test		−20.4	7.4	14.3
Creatinine; mg/dL	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 0.264	0.65 ± 0.04^a	2.78 ± 0.15^d	2.08 ± 0.06^b	1.53 ± 0.04^c
	-test		−13.4	4.1	7.8
Uric acid; mg/dL	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 0.196	3.33 ± 0.06^c	6.20 ± 0.10^a	4.35 ± 0.04^b	4.16 ± 0.04^b
	-test	−26.4	—	25.7	16.1
Sodium; mmol/L	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 2.402	121.83 ± 0.65^a	141.00 ± 0.81^d	128.00 ± 0.68^c	136.17 ± 0.70^b
	-test		18.9	−5.0	−13.5
Potassium; mmol/L	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 0.158	3.40 ± 0.03^a	4.76 ± 0.05^d	3.80 ± 0.05^c	4.18 ± 0.06^b
	-test		14.8	−4.6	−11.1

Data are represented as mean ± SE. -test values; < 0.001. ANOVA analysis: within each row, means with different superscript (a, b, c, or d) are significantly different at < 0.05, whereas means superscripts with the same letters mean that there is no significant difference at < 0.05. LSD: least significant difference.