The Antidiabetic Effect of Low Doses of Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in Male Rats

Table 5

Effect of treating diabetic rats with Moringa seeds powder for 4 weeks on urine analysis.

Parameters	Statistics	G1; −ve control	G2; +ve control	G3; 50 mg; Moringa	G4; 100 mg; Moringa
U. glucose; mg/d	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 8.085	20.91 ± 1.46^a	219.72 ± 4.22^d	113.78 ± 0.68^b	81.70 ± 2.29^c
	-test		−41.0	28.8	23.0
U. creatinine; mg/d	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 3.268	26.33 ± 0.61^a	80.50 ± 0.61^d	58.33 ± 1.22^b	38.50 ± 1.54^c
	-test		68.3	−27.0	−6.2
U. urea nitrogen; mg/d	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 36.846	123.00 ± 3.39^a	627.00 ± 24.13^d	217.83 ± 1.07^c	417.50 ± 3.63^b
	-test		21.3	−31.3	−50.6
U. albumin; mg/dL	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 15.750	40.97 ± 9.98^a	193.30 ± 0.33^d	181.67 ± 5.86^b	117.50 ± 2.87^c
	-test		−39.3	15.0	30.9
U. sodium; mEq/L/day	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 2.891	36.00 ± 0.51^a	62.83 ± 1.07^d	51.16 ± 0.94^b	42.16 ± 1.13^c
	-test		−20.6	7.6	10.7
U. potassium; mEq/L/day	Mean ± SE; LSD 0.05 = 2.075	71.16 ± 0.70^a	98.00 ± 0.89^d	88.83 ± 0.90^b	81.66 ± 0.66^c
	-test		−33.8	7.0	22.8

Data are represented as mean ± SE. -test values; < 0.001. ANOVA analysis: within each row, means with different superscript (a, b, c, or d) are significantly different at < 0.05, whereas means superscripts with the same letters mean that there is no significant difference at < 0.05. LSD: least significant difference.